Friday, May 22, 2020
The Daffodils and Composed Upon Westminster Bridge...
Essay question on the comparison between two poems by Wordsworth Q. Compare and contrast how Wordsworth depicts nature in ââ¬ËThe Daffodilsââ¬â¢ and ââ¬ËSonnet : Composed Upon Westminster Bridgeââ¬â¢. (2-3 pages) The question asks you to compare how Wordsworth illuminates and expresses nature in the two poems written by him, ââ¬ËThe Daffodilsââ¬â¢ and ââ¬ËSonnet: Composed Upon Westminster Bridgeââ¬â¢. There are some similarities and differences in the two poems, and these create different atmosphere even though both poems are about nature. For example, in the poem ââ¬ËThe Daffodilsââ¬â¢, the subject of the poem are flowers, which are small and tiny, while the poem ââ¬ËSonnet: Composed Upon Westminster Bridgeââ¬â¢ expresses the landscape of the ââ¬Ëcityââ¬â¢, which sounds prettyâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦The number of times ââ¬Ëdancingââ¬â¢ has been mentioned is numerous, and this created a cheerful, active atmosphere in the poem, while the ââ¬ËSonnet: Composed Upon Westminster Bridgeââ¬â¢ has more of static atmosphere due to its subject matter, which are buildings, early morning when not much people are on the street. Similes can also be mentioned in the Daffodils, which created imaginative, and impressive feeling that Apparently rhyme scheme is used in both poems, which usually creates rhythmic tone in the poem. However, we can find out that the structure and the sequence of the rhyme is different. While ââ¬ËSonnet: Composed Upon Westminster Bridgeââ¬â¢ has a sequence of ABBAABBA(Octave) ââ¬â DEDEDE(Sestet), which is called ââ¬ËPetrarchan Sonnetââ¬â¢, ââ¬ËThe Daffodilsââ¬â¢ has a sequence of ABABCC in each stanza, which appears to be more structured and organized which also affected on the cheerful atmosphere on ââ¬ËThe Daffodilsââ¬â¢. The structure is also taking an important part in the two poems, and itââ¬â¢s clear that the two poems have different structures: Sonnet ââ¬â Octave Sestet; The Daffodils ââ¬â Organized four st anzas with same lines. In the Sonnet, the octave represents the city, how it looks like when in the early morning, and the sestet represents the nature inside the city, which the poet omitted in order that he was busy with something else, as other urban
Friday, May 8, 2020
S Corp Research Paper - 769 Words
Required Research Problem S Corporations Instructions: You should prepare a legal memorandum to your client providing tax advice on the proposal set forth here. Be sure to include citations to code sections, regulations and other authorities that you rely upon in reaching your conclusion. The paper generally runs about two to three pages and is due the last day of class or May 10, 2011.. Facts: Your client is Android Cellar who operates a successful computer consulting business as an S Corporation. Android is the sole owner of the S Corporation. He employs two workers (Geeko and Byte) who work with him in this business. Android works from home so he employs a Nanny (called Analog) to take care of his two children. Heâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Analog worked 1,500 hours during 2010. Analog was paid $10 per hour. Android offers a major medical plan and a dental plan to his employees who work over 1,000 hours per year. Android has offered this benefit for the entire year 2010. Android pays 50% of the premium cost for the major medical plan for single coverage. This means that the amount paid by Android is limited to 50% of the cost of single coverage even if the employee has a family and elects more expensive family coverage. Androidââ¬â¢s plan has a premium cost of $6,000 for single and $14,000 for family coverage. Android pays $3,000 for Geeko and Byte who are single and $3,000 for Analog who is married with a family (Total payment of $9,000). That means that Geeko and Byte each pay $3,000 for coverage under the plan, and Analog pays $11,000 for coverage under the plan (if she elects family coverage). Android paid $14,000 for his own family coverage. Android pays 40% of the premium cost of the dental plan. The dental plan premiums are $1,000 for single and $2,000 for family coverage. Android pays $400 for Geeko, Byte and Analog. Geeko and Byte each pay $600 for coverage and Analog pays $1,600. Android paid $2,000 for his own family coverage. You do not need to consider any state credits or other state subsidies. Required: Determine the total credit available to the S Corporation in 2010 under IRC 45R (Small Business Health Care Tax Credit). You should specifically compute each ofShow MoreRelatedFederal Agencies1660 Words à |à 7 Pageseach agency lies within the administrative structure of the federal government.. Objective of this paper is to discuss where the following agencies lie in the administrative structure of the federal government: U.S. Army Corps Engineers U.S. Bureau Land Management U.S. Coast Guard U.S. Environmental Protection Agency U.S. Geological Survey The (USACE) United States Army Corps of Engineersà is a U.S federal agency operating under the Department of Defense. Major army command is madeRead MoreIntegration Of Engineers And Military History1271 Words à |à 6 Pagesmilitary historyââ¬â¢s integration of engineers dates back to the year 1775 when the continental government established the first Army Corps. This was essentially an Army that was led by a chief engineer. The first chief engineer who led the Army was Colonel Gridley. This group was under the US Department of Defense. Following that, the US congress established the Army Corps which was now an independent entity that was free from the Department of Defense. At the initial stages, this group was tasked withRead MoreWhy Women Should Be Allowed to Participate in Combat1236 Words à |à 5 Pageswhether its appropriate to send women into combat, and some solid research has gone into the issue. As the question of mental health and women in combat, a peer-reviewed a rticle in the Journal of Womens Health references a study conducted between January 1, 1994, and August 31, 2001 (Lindstrom, et al, 2006, p. 162). In that study, 10,299 women on active duty in the Navy and Marine Corps involved in combat support were part of a research program into mental health and combat. The researchers carefullyRead MoreThe Concept Of Cardinal Change812 Words à |à 4 PagesLegal Research Assignment My legal research paper is on the concept of Cardinal change. Cardinal change is one of three legal classifications of change. A change is define as followed; ââ¬Å"Any alteration to a contract permitted by the Changes clause of a contract.â⬠(Nash, Scooner, O Brien, 2007). ââ¬Å"Most construction contracts contain a clause governing changes that allows the owner to change or modify the work required under the contract documents.â⬠(Loulakis Santiago, 2001). When clause mentionedRead MoreOrganizational Culture and Structure1134 Words à |à 5 Pagesregulations for how the day-to-day operations are to be handled (John, n.d.). This research will show how organizational structure and culture work dependently to ensure the success or lead to the failure of an organization. Analyzing the meaning of organizational culture and organizational structure will allow insight into how the mechanistic model of organizational structure affects the elements of The United States Mari ne Corps Recruit Depot Organizational CultureRead MoreSony Corporation Case Study1210 Words à |à 5 PagesIntroduction The Paper discusses Sony Corporation who has recently decided to shut down its losing PC business and re-engineer its TV business. The main objective of this paper is to analyze the microeconomic structure of Sony Corporation as well as to tackle the article case. Issues dealt with are analysis of the firm and its market, its cost and revenues, business and pricing strategies, and competition in the market. Sony Corporation was chosen for this paper after reading an article publishedRead MoreStarbucks Corporation : Organizational Context Essay1390 Words à |à 6 Pageschief. Under the store managers are shift supervisors who act as managers on duty when the store manager is out. Below the shift supervisors are the rest of the employees, referred to as baristas. B. Recent Financial Performance 1. With extensive research, Starbucks Corporationââ¬â¢s consolidated income statement for the last three years shows very interesting information pertaining to the company. All information in this section can be found in Appendix 1.EBITDA is a measure of cash generation by a businessRead MoreNoncommissioned Officer History Army1711 Words à |à 7 PagesStory of the Noncommissioned Officer Corps, Center of Military History, United States Army, Washington, D.C., 2003 Where Custer Fell, James S. Brust, University of Oklahoma Press, 2005 F. This research has been along time coming. I will continue this research long after this paper has been finished. What a proud history we have here in the NCO corps. II. Body. A. 1865-1885 Ready for Patrol: NCOââ¬â¢s were a stern bunch during this time frame of America s history. Pre-combat checks were theRead MoreMiss1698 Words à |à 7 Pagesthat the time it takes to properly scan one check is less than ten seconds. 2. You have decided to expand the testing program to observe several potential customers using early versions of the system to get their feedback. Write a one- to two-page paper describing how this testing might work. Try to find information on how real companies get customer feedback such as this. 3. After analyzing results of early customer testing of the new system, you decide to create a Pareto diagram to easily seeRead MoreForecasting Paper1450 Words à |à 6 Pagessuitable for all situations and circumstances. Each has inherent strengths and weaknesses. The forecaster must understand the strengths and shortcomings of each method and choose appropriately. One example of forecasting is the United States Marine Corps use of forecasting techniques, both qualitative and quantitative, to predict ammunition requirements. Forecasting Defined Forecasting is A statement about the future (Anonymous, 2005). Operations management is designed to support forecasted performances
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
The Great Gatsby- Immorality Free Essays
The American Dreamââ¬âA Road to Immorality ââ¬Å"ââ¬ËYou will not certainly die,ââ¬â¢ the serpent said to the woman. ââ¬ËFor God knows that when you eat from it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God,à knowing good and evilââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (New International Bible, Genesis 3:4-5). The prevalence of temptation and immorality has been present from the beginning of time. We will write a custom essay sample on The Great Gatsby- Immorality or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the Biblical sense, it was the serpent that tempted Eve with his promises for greatness and divinity, but ultimately corrupted her world, as well as the world today. Presently, the lust for power and authority is exceedingly evident amongst todayââ¬â¢s society. In The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the American dream was a foundation of desires for wealth and supremacy. Throughout the novel, the charactersââ¬â¢ greed has a negative impact on their everyday decisions, and leads them down the path of immorality and depravity. Through the examination of the lives of Nick Carraway and Jordan Baker, Tom and Daisy Buchanan, and Jay Gatsby, the following essay will prove how the tempting and agonizing pursuit of the American dream often leads to a life full of dishonesty and corruption. In the beginning of the novel, Nick Carraway evidenced his mixed emotions towards the rich lifestyle. In the manner he described Tom Buchanan, it is clear that Nick noticed the complacency of the rich lifestyle: Two shining arrogant eyes had established dominance over his face and gave him the appearance of always leaning aggressively forward. . . . His speaking voice, a gruff husky tenor, added to the impression of fractiousness he conveyed. There was a touch of paternal contempt in it, even toward people he likedââ¬âand there were men at New Haven who had hated his guts. Fitzgerald 12) Despite his distaste towards the rich, Nick also idolized them. His strong desire to achieve the American dream persuaded him to associate with these people. However, as he got sucked into their world, he became more and more dishonest and immoral. When asked by Tom and Daisy about his rumoured engagement to a woman back home, Nick denied it. However, it is later revealed that he is, in fact, eng aged: But I am slow-thinking and full of interior rules that act as brakes on my desires, and I knew that first I had to get myself definitely out of that tangle back home. Iââ¬â¢d been writing letters once a week and signing them: ââ¬ËLove, Nick,ââ¬â¢ and all I could think of was how, when that certain girl played tennis, a faint mustache of perspiration appeared on her upper lip. Nevertheless there was a vague understanding that had to be tactfully broken off before I was free. (Fitzgerald 59) Regardless of this, he pursued an affair with Jordan Baker. As the novel progressed, Nick began to realize how the fast and extravagant lifestyle of the rich was only a cover for the disturbing moral emptiness amongst them. He learned that even Jordan, whom he had developed feelings for, was dishonest and was willing to do anything to ensure her success: Jordan Baker instinctively avoided clever, shrewd men, and now I saw that this was because she felt safer on a plane where any divergence from a code would be thought impossible. She was incurably dishonest. She wasnââ¬â¢t able to endure being at a disadvantage and, given this unwillingness, I suppose she had begun dealing in subterfuges when she was very young in order to keep that cool, insolent smile turned to the world and yet satisfy the demands of her hard, jaunty body. Fitzgerald 58) After gaining much maturity, Nick returned to Minnesota seeking a life structured by more traditional moral values. The lives of Tom and Daisy Buchanan are prime examples of how achieving the American dream often leads to living a low and vulgar life. At a first glance, their home seems to be the perfect family setting. It isnââ¬â¢t long before Tomââ¬â¢s aff air with his mistress becomes evident: ââ¬Å"ââ¬ËIs something happening? ââ¬â¢ I inquired innocently. ââ¬ËYou mean to say you donââ¬â¢t know? ââ¬â¢ said Miss Baker, honestly surprised. ââ¬ËI thought everybody knew. ââ¬ËI donââ¬â¢t. ââ¬â¢ ââ¬ËWhyââ¬âââ¬â¢ she said hesitantly, ââ¬ËTomââ¬â¢s got some woman in New Yorkââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (Fitzgerald 20). When Daisy sees Gatsby again, she also begins an affair of her own. However this affair is short lived as Tom becomes aware of the infidelity of his wife. Daisy was forced to choose between Tom and Gatsby, but she refused to abandon her ââ¬Å"old richâ⬠lifestyle. After hitting Myrtle while driving Jayââ¬â¢s car, Daisy and Tom decided to conspire a plan in order to avoid responsibility for the tragedy: ââ¬Å"Daisy and Tom were sitting opposite each other at the kitchen table, . . . There was an unmistakable air of natural intimacy about the picture and anybody would have said that they w ere conspiring togetherâ⬠(Fitzgerald 138). Despite Daisyââ¬â¢s professed ââ¬Å"loveâ⬠for Gatsby, she allowed him to take the blame for the accident, which eventuated in his death. When Wilson went to Tom and asked him who the car belonged to, Tom had no problem mentioning Jay Gatsbyââ¬â¢s name, providing Wilson with the information needed to justify Myrtleââ¬â¢s death: ââ¬Å"ââ¬ËI told him the truth,ââ¬â¢ he said. ââ¬ËHe came to the door hile we were getting ready to leave, and when I sent down word that we werenââ¬â¢t in he tried to force his way up-stairs. He was crazy enough to kill me if I hadnââ¬â¢t told him who owned the car. . . .ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (Fitzgerald 169). In the end, Daisy chose the American dream over her moral conscience, proving that the rich are not really better than the poor. Jay Gatsbyââ¬â¢s quest for the American dream began at the age of 17, when he left his North Dakota farm-life home in pursuit of better life. After meeting Daisy and seeing her wealth, he became obsessed with her. Gatsbyââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"loveâ⬠for Daisy was more of an urgent desire to possess her. He lied to her in order to draw her to him: He might have despised himself, for he had certainly taken her under false pretenses. I donââ¬â¢t mean that he had traded on his phantom millions, but he had deliberately given Daisy a sense of security; he let her believe that he was a person from much the same stratum as herselfââ¬âthat he was fully able to take care of her. (Fitzgerald 142) Gatsbyââ¬â¢s desperation drove him to work for Meyer Wolfsheim. He quickly earned a vast amount of money by bootlegging alcohol and associating in other illegal activities under Wolfsheimââ¬â¢s order: ââ¬Å"ââ¬ËHe and this Wolfsheim bought up a lot of side-street drug-stores here and in Chicago and sold grain alcohol over the counter. . . .ââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (Fitzgerald 127). Even though Jay seemed to be an unsavory, worldly man with his illegal and immoral tendencies, he had an incredible sense of loyalty. His unfailing loyalty extended to everyone he cared for, from his own father to Dan Cody to Daisy. Unfortunately, he did not always receive the same measure of devotion in return, demonstrated when Daisy allowed him to take the fall for her foolish actions. Nick Carraway recognized this goodness about him, and reassured Gatsby: ââ¬Å"ââ¬ËTheyââ¬â¢re a rotten crowd,ââ¬â¢ I shouted across the lawn. ââ¬ËYouââ¬â¢re worth the whole damn bunch put togetherââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (Fitzgerald 146). Jay Gatsbyââ¬â¢s hunger for the American dream proves how even good-natured people can become corrupted by their lust for money and power. ââ¬Å"ââ¬ËYou will not certainly die,ââ¬â¢ the serpent said to the woman. For God knows that when you eat from it your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God,à knowing good and evilââ¬â¢Ã¢â¬ (New International Bible, Genesis 3:4-5). The prevalence of temptation and immorality has been present from the beginning of time. In the Biblical sense, it was the serpent that tempted Eve with his promises for greatness and divinity, bu t ultimately corrupted her world, as well as the world today. Presently, the lust for power and authority is exceedingly evident amongst todayââ¬â¢s society. In The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald, the American dream was a foundation of desires for wealth and supremacy. Throughout the novel, the charactersââ¬â¢ greed has a negative impact on their everyday decisions, and leads them down the path of immorality and depravity. Through the examination of the lives of Nick Carraway and Jordan Baker, Tom and Daisy Buchanan, and Jay Gatsby, the following essay will prove how the tempting and agonizing pursuit of the American dream often leads to a life full of dishonesty and corruption. Works Cited Fitzgerald, F. Scott. The Great Gatsby. Toronto: Penguin Books Ltd. , 1998. New International Bible. New York: Thomas Nelson Publishers, 1982. How to cite The Great Gatsby- Immorality, Essay examples
Tuesday, April 28, 2020
Mobile Systems Uses and Impact on Business
Introduction With increased technology, computational proficiency guarantees businesses with a rare capacity to redesign and offer an insight into principles of integration and control especially with mobile systems (Abbass Akram, 2010). The knowledge of mobile systems seeks to give businesses more corporate ambience of technological intelligence somewhat reminiscent to human resource computation.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mobile Systems Uses and Impact on Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Mobile systems as a science delves much in feedback mechanism, signal processing, control algorithm, systems actuation, data mining, and effective programing to efficiently design and integrate human accuracy with automated systems in a business. With the contemporary competitive business environment, the aim of each firm has been to defeat competition, expand their appeal, and conquer new customer niche. Busines ses with outstanding communication infrastructure therefore epitomizes a new era of innovative generation provided for by the innovative mobile systems (Beverland Luxton, 2005). Mobile systems bring into business creativity, knowledge, abilities and skills as tools to generate a new thought provoking ideologies that help business firms in achieving a competitive advantage. The essentials of managing communications are myriad in an organizational structure and it embodies not only essential inputs, but also outputs of the transformation course. Communication according to Beverland and Luxton (2005) is the process of idea sharing; it involves coding messages and information to others and which has evolved in part with technology over time. It is no doubt that the events shaping commerce in much of the 19th century onwards are based categorically on knowledge communication, innovative economy, and information technology. With increased technological developments, mobile systems have b een somewhat widespread and co-opted that they continue to change the progressive course of businesses. Literature review Never before in the history of management have workers poses abundant autonomy and freedom over their assigned roles. With the increased proliferation of mobile systems technology, professionals have an increased ability to work at home and this often inspires the need to nurture the ideals of globalization.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With increased globalization, Beverland and Luxton (2005) note that there is a liberating want for the contemporary workforces who are always worlds apart, yet facing the challenge of managing themselves at work to nurture a sense of workplace environment. Of much worry is for the managers who have the task of keeping a vastly distributed workforce productive, motivated, and satisfied. It is rife that while managers ope rate from far distant places, professionals can only aid their work by being responsive to the organizational ideals. Already, the treads in opportunities that has come about because globalization is myriad; this tread warrants immediate challenges that must be met. The answer to these challenges must try to recognize the fact that, with globalization come a flux in the workplace and employees will continue demanding greater flexibility as well as work-life balance. With mobile systems in place, businesses focus on nurturing teamwork instead holding onto control of the teams in an organization. Under these schemes of things, business professionals logically become managers in their own capacities. The best they always achieve is to cultivate the basic professional orientation of the organization. To subsist optimally within this arrangement, a professional will always strive to work within the stipulated timelines for which a slated assignment expires. This is normally the case beca use with virtual teams, supervisory roles are minimal and professionals become supervisors of their own assignment. In essence, professionals always under pressure to balance between freedom and autonomy (Beverland Luxton, 2005). Mobile systems guarantee freedoms in the sense that while professionals are at home they must always recognize that they are at work. In many occasions, research maintains that diverse teams offer a greater prospect of producing better outcomes if they are under effectively business systems. The mobile systems are to lead virtual teams, which in turn warrant leaders to seek out for behaviors that augur well with diverse teams. Developing a deep vision is a unique element that has the ability to leverage individuals to offer their exceptional abilities at work.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Mobile Systems Uses and Impact on Business specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The capacity to eng age human potential to discharge preferentially their very best is the prime focus of mobile systems. A robust mobile system infrastructure usually caters for diversity, which offers the impetus that informs virtual team management. Guaranteeing integrated systems With increased competitive inclination to capitalize on integrated systems for financial management, Cammer and Carrington (2014) observe that the capacity to implement technology systems is of great concern to make many organizations more accountable. As businesses to integrate, mobile systems provide Administrative Information Services (AIS) interface to make them more effective. As the businesses drift towards the internet technology, organizations have faced increased competitive pressures to invest on (AIS) that offer integrated solutions for financial management and administrative systems. However, for greater compatibility of the programs, understanding the restraints within an organization is as essential as unders tanding the functions that AIS and IT play in adding value to organizational initiatives. Mobile systems have grown too important to the corporate world and well as the financial institutions in the funding programs. Mobile systems too have proven compatible with the federal Financial Systems Projects that are eligible for the monetary grant programs. Federal Financial Systems agreeably comply with the AIS grant whenever a suitable accounting system is in place. Key on the priority of such programs is to redesign budget, to allocate revenue and expenditure appropriately. With the AIS in place, organizations can greatly minimize resource wastages (Beverland Luxton, 2005). This will in effect institutionalize service delivery and create a foundation for governmental communications strategy. Coupled with its myriad advantages the AIS program provides the need to recognize the vitality of protecting the integrity and authenticity of fiscal records. The AIS offers structural, organizati onal, and statutory frameworks for record keeping and financial management support. It informs the significance of developing ethics for financial records administration. Moreover, such systems present the benefits of training and education for effective records care and the need to raise record responsiveness across organizations.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Facilitating e-business Mobile systems facilitate e-business ventures, thereby making businesses to have a well-defined transactional infrastructure. Business to business venture explores commercial transactions between businesses and other stakeholders. Transactions in these categories may explore communication between for example, a wholesaler, and manufacturer and over to retailer. Business to business therefore, denotes transaction that occurs between companies, and not necessarily between a consumers and the company (Singh Thomson, 2002). E-commerce takes place in several ways, which includes business to consumer, business to business and business to government. Business to business model Business to business model according to Singh and Thomson (2002) explore a classic supply chain that entails multiple transactions involving businesses and companies where companies procure components of business as well as raw materials in the manufacturing processes. This business venture o ften concludes with the consumer at the end of the chain. Business to business exchanges offers automate collaborative occupational processes within customers and suppliers niche by way of generating internal efficacy in order to reach out to new markets at a low cost. Business to business exchanges dwells on online marketing for organizations to transact business and services with other businesses (Kot, Grabara, Sandu MihÃÆ'ilescu, 2011). Online business communication and e-commerce are rapidly becoming the new face of modern world business trends allowing organizations several parts of the world to effectively reach out to one another and meet customer the multifaceted demands. For many organizations, e-business continues to evolve as an enabling tool in communications and in expediting marketing strategies. Business to government model Business to government explores marketing of services within policy defined by the authorities under a national, regional, or international law regulating businesses (Kot et al., 2011). The channel of business to government are pathways of reaching out to customers in a range of classical methodologies such as advertising through newspapers and magazines, direct mail, television and radio channels as well as outdoor advertising and product promotions. This venture equally takes into consideration elements of public relations and advertising media especially through relatively new marketing avenues such as the Internet (Singh Thomson, 2002). Transactions executed directly between consumers as the end-users of finished products and companies explore a business to consumer metrics. This business model differs from business to business transaction since in this case; the consumer has direct touch with the company either physically or indirectly through the internet. Internet use in such feedback online mechanism boosts consumer relations with the company (Singh Thomson, 2002). Furthermore, online consumers can use the links i n the companiesââ¬â¢ social sites to access online stores where the potential consumers can access various products and services. These links direct the customers to a businessââ¬â¢ provisions. In addition, since the internet allows for interactions with the business, potential customers can seek out for the relevant information they require about a product or service in store. Mobile systems guarantees effective business communication The continued use of internet technology to expand the scope of businesses guarantees effective communication along the supply path. Although, e-business offers the ability to generate new business opportunities, it also comes with great challenges including demands for rapid shifts in decision-making and the thinking skills. These often take into consideration ââ¬âmarketing mix to explore a businessesââ¬â¢ strategy for growth. Today, businesses that are most effective in the e-commerce venture have the endowment of experimenting with sev eral business opportunities available in the market. In addition, such companies find it easy to create institutional metrics in fast tracking the numerous business opportunities available within the e-Businesses community. In the future, effective application of e-Businesses will guide businesses in their ability to enter into such a promising relationship with other businesses, the government, ordinary consumers, supplies, employees, and all their stakeholders. Communication for competitive advantage in firms With the enhanced use of computerized and automated services, net changes in the employment in most parts of the world culminated into a complete circle in grading communication structures in firms (Hearn Ninan, 2003). This, in essence, meant that job-skill rating stretched tremendously with the upsurge in communication facilities as well as the distribution stages and supply chains. The rapid expansion in the skilled job market can further be attributable to a drastic expan sion and development in telecommunication research much of which points to the widespread use of computer aided devices in communication in firms. As can be observed from the foregoing analysis, a visible increase in information flow, particularly in the supply chain lessened the need for manual workers in most firms. Data mining and text for instance, improved the efficiency of field research making manual research work almost obsolete (Jian-Guo, 2011). The result of this trend has been the increasingly enhanced labor market, enriched with a growing job, an influx in high-income skilled employment as well as high-income skilled occupations (Carrà © Weller, 2010). This pattern, though unique in the business firms, equally applies to many other none profit organizations all of which points to a competitive advantage. ââ¬ËCompetitive advantageââ¬â¢ as a term is poignantly meaningless if the competitors against which such an advantage does not exist. There is great need to stay conscious of this fact while attempting to offer the most formidable assortment of examples from which factual generalizations could be rife. Again, it will be essentially miserable to smoke out the term ââ¬Ëcommunicationââ¬â¢ if we are to arrive at some insightful conclusions (Hearn Ninan, 2003). Communication by virtue evokes a wide variety of meaning, and what a pharmaceutical company view of communication for example, is likely to be very different from a management consultancy opinion. Mobile social media marketing The world over, marketing professionals constantly adjust their business strategy and tact to exceptionally reach out to the ever changing customer demands (Lamarre, Galarneau, and Boeck, 2012). With the modern day shift to adoption of media services in the concept of marketing, Khalifa and Shen (2008) opine that mobility is rapidly becoming an ordinary way of life. Innovative business mindsets that have effectively integrated e-commerce within their marketin g strategy view mobile social media marketing as the next best exiting business opportunity that will enable businesses to reach out to their customers successfully through a new concept of communication channel (Lamarre et al., 2012). Mobile social media marketing differentiates itself from other marketing mediums such as newspapers, radio, and television. This arguably is through its highly interactive nature supplied by web browser advantages and mobile device interface that makes it to offer continuous access to the prospective customers, anywhere, anytime (Davis Sajtos, 2009). These rare advantages effectively make it to suffice as one of the most robust, dynamic, and personal mediums that continue to shape modern day marketing in all corners of the world (Jadhav, Kamble, Patil, 2012). Mobile social media marking has the ability to integrate several forms of mobile device technology and practices such as the Internet, VoIP, mobile SMS, the Bluetooth, mobile e-mail, as well as concepts such as SMS marketing, mobile gaming, mobile advertising, as well as location based marketing. Why the shift towards mobile marketing Mobile social media marketing, as Lamarre et al. (2012) note, taps abundantly onto the massive reservoir of potentials that cut across mobile service provision across the globe. These provisions have become commonplace for use with consumers of all ages and within customer personal mobile interface. In recent times, mobile social media marketing has been comprehensively discussed in modern day marketing ventures and has passed the test of management philosophy pigeonholed on its practices, principles, and strategies that underscores its consistent quality delivery. Of much consideration has been the increased employees involvement, employee empowerment, top management commitment, benchmarking, team spirit, rewards and recognitions, quality leadership, consistent feedback mechanism and a healthy liaison between companies and consumers, and be tween businesses and their suppliers. Most of the research on mobile social media marketing has majored on the manufacturing sector, and lately however, they have spread over to the service industry and public administration, each of which have proved to have travelled a robust trajectory towards the empowerment of the e-commerce (Abbass Akram, 2010). The advancements in the service sector have therefore, occasioned the increased attention on the modern implementation of the mobile social constructs as a better ways for companies to develop and enhance the global marketing trends. For companies therefore, this new shift in the marketing trends holds an enticing promise of being in constant and direct touch with their customers thereby helping them to nurture a more, frequent, and a robust rapport with the brandââ¬â¢s potentiality leading to amplified and long-term sales with an express competitive advantage (Lamarre et al., 2012). In addition, given that, the younger consumers c ould be difficult to reach by means of traditional channels of communication. Mobile social media marketing thus, readily offers an effective appeal especially with the increased need to reach out to the younger consumer segment. This is because this consumer segment continues to be the brain behind the modern day business success, as such; they have to be lured in keeping with the social trends in the market. Challenges of mobile social media marketing Although mobile social media marketing theoretically imply a great deal of business opportunities, harnessing such potentials continue to prove somewhat challenging. Numerous obstacles relating to consumer behavior continue to characterize it in ways that are yet to be resolved. As Beck, Beimborn, Weitzel, and Kà ¶nig (2008) note, it is a forgone conclusion that a great number of consumers often have their mobile devices within reach thereby establishing a robust network of communication between consumers and companies. Over time, t he challenge that has characterized mobile social media marketing revolves around the hitches in linking these two entry points by developing a craving from the prospective consumers to generate access to their mobile device to which such consumers gain not only privilege but also confidence in the company. The other challenge often comes about in the managing of the consumerââ¬â¢s interaction with the companyââ¬â¢s communication facilities and whether they might be perceived as being explicitly intrusive on such mobile social media marketing platforms. These challenges according to Davis Sajtos, (2009) are pointers that validate the fact that research into this particular area is necessary, relevant, and timely. Trends in mobile social media marketing and change management It is increasingly becoming very imperative for organizations to gain competitive advantage by nurturing a culture that guarantees businesses the ability to survive and manage change effectively (Jadhav et al., 2012). Mobile social media marketing trends according to Beverland and Luxton (2005) warrant the drive to carry out commerce that seeks to explore the domains of developmental paradigms that are in pursuit of the ever-changing buyer behavior, habits, and consumerism in general. Trends in global trade offer valuable lenses through which organizational leaders with the necessary business zest could monitor their business growth, respond amicably to the demands, and mitigate uncertainties within their business structures (Abbass Akram, 2010). These newfound marketing trends are particularly useful in in the concept of organizational intelligence, knowledge management, organizational design, and corporate strategy to reach out to the global consumer. Given that the most widespread trends in the contemporary market are towards an all-pervasive and continuous change as well as expanding the scope of interdependencies, close parallelism can amicably be drawn between the public and p rivate sectors with the denominator being the propensity towards environmental change. Within these considerations, private and public sector organizations seek to thwart the approaching turbulent environmental glitches that are characteristic of traditional marketing (Cammer Carrington, 2014). These marketing glitches are contained by dramatic technological changes as well as socio-economic and political developments that continue to shape global trade. To help shape, understand, and manage change conduits and its processes more effectively, a more comprehensive outlook of change management in global marketing often suffice as the best alternative in keeping with the ever changing market trends. The essence of mobile social media marketing Mobile social media marketing is a venture of management that is concerned primarily with the supervision, designing and the control processes within a production function. The essence of these is to transform business operations especially in l ight of producing goods while tendering services that seeks to meet the demand of consumer needs anywhere at all times (Choi, Seol, Lee, Cho, Park, 2008). Mobile social media marketing as a concept of management, as Bauer, Reichardt, Barnes, and Neumann (2005) observe, takes into consideration the responsibility of underscoring the efficacy of specific business functions that must be realized by way of using the limited resources as possible to meet customer satisfaction within a given timeline. This archetypical business venture is also concerned with the efficacy that involves the conversion of inputs into such as raw materials, energy, and labor into outputs such as goods and services (Bauer et al., 2005). Succinctly, the essence of mobile social media marketing is its capacity to utilize capital and human resource capacities such as technology and knowledge to convert raw materials and services into either tangible or intangible products in the forms of goods and services. The basis of mobile social media marketing is to design the systems that control an enterprise such as arranging the facilities, coming up with procedures that align the business with mobile device inventory acquisition, scheduling business tasks, and outputs while providing a safe passage that guarantees the smooth sail of business towards customers. Standardization lenses The modern day consumer view business organizations within the lenses of standardization, and businesses that explore the domains of mobile social media marketing as a way of reaching out to their customers normally gets a head start in the populous market niche (Bouhlel, Mzoughi, Hadiji, Slimane, 2009). This is so because, for such businesses, their respective products and services are usually available to the consumers at the pressing of a call button. Alternatively, prospective buyers could always browse, view, and verify the specifications of a product or service offered by the company thereby saving on both tim e and money. To a spectacular advantage, the authors opine that prospective customers could make on-line requests and be served with various services and products instantaneously. Mobile social media marketing, just like any other business venture, argue Beverland, and Luxton (2005) fall under categorization schemes that classifies it within the highly sought after business motif. These consist of the conceptualization of higher degree of communication, standardization levels, manufacturing or production and service delivery functions as well as entertainments (Kim, Kim, Kil, 2009). Marketing within this business model for example, offers tangible goods that must reach out to consumers, as such; a distribution system is often upped to get them to their targeted destination. Service industries particularly, tend to deal directly with their customers making distribution a less likely challenge at the behest. Here, the concern however, is to make the services available to the consumer s regardless of their global positioning and trends in time. Broadly speaking, the focus is on what businesses can do in order to attain a high rate of production in a marketing function. According to recent research on this area, the high-involvement media services by businesses, for example, can create the positive attitudes and spellbinding confidence on the part of consumers (Demchenko, 2004). Increased media marketing and such practices help generate the types of flexible behaviors that may lead to enhanced performance by businesses. Social media applications according to Bouhlel et al. (2009) embrace a wide collection of elements including collaborating projects, content communities, social networking interfaces, and virtual worlds, which essentially continues to factor in within the standard repertoire of communication for many businesses. Currently, with the endowment of powerful mobile device to every consumer, several social media applications increasingly become mobile wh ile new entrants in the market constantly appears. Mobile systems as new face of modern world marketing trends Mobile social media marketing is rapidly becoming the new face of modern world marketing trends allowing organizations in all parts of the world to effectively reach out to and meet customer demand beforehand (Cammer Carrington, 2014). For many businesses therefore, it will continue to evolve as an integrating tool in communications and marketing strategies. The continued use of mobile social media marketing is expected to expand the scope of global buying and consumption trends for companies and consumers that embrace it. Although, as mobile social media marketing offers the ability to create new and impressive opportunities, it also comes with challenges including demands for a rapid shifts in the thinking skills ââ¬â especially about marketing mix, and market measurement stratagem. Today, companies that are most effective in the frontiers of mobile social media mark eting, are not only experimenting with several business opportunities, they are equally empowered to create institutional metrics to quantify the impacts of their market energies (Bouhlel et al., 2009). In the years to come, effective use of mobile social media tools for marketing will be guided by the very businesses that have the ability to enter into this promising relationship with consumers, employees, supplies, and all their stakeholders. It is still hard to predict what technology will bring forth, but these trends are already telling a lot. Conclusion The world economic landscape keeps on shifting and rapidly becoming increasingly global and more diverse. In virtually every organization in the developing as well as in the developed economies, embracing mobile systems continue to be the hallmark of business integration. The greatest concern of the 21st century is rather how successful organizations are, especially, at exploiting the evolving opportunities of technology while tackling their underlying challenges as well. Achieving such a great feat will depend on how intelligent businesses are at observing as well as interpreting the dynamics of the technologies under which businesses operates. Expediting mobile services for example, will be a key ingredient for nurturing corporate ambience. With increased mobile technologies, businesses will have a greater say in shaping their competitiveness. The environment under which business subsist has been more than ever before, complex, global, dynamic, and yet, highly competitive as mobile services become the order of the day. With the ever-changing market trends mobile services, businesses are likely to expand, and even accelerate their scope in the years to come. Research documents that numerous businesses currently face many global challenges especially those linked with talent flow, generational conflict ââ¬â including the shortage of much-desired competencies. However, business futurists hypothesize th at among the major institutional challenges for most organizations is that their lifeline depends on their propensity and wish to embrace mobile services. Within these facts, businesses may have to outsource for diverse employee base, which will in turn create jobs for prospective employees anywhere, anytime across the globe. Moreover, businesses aspiring to be on the global map will have to be systematic, especially in managing their human resource capacities to infer greater economic appeal. Essentially, mobile services aim at streamlining the organizations in an attempt to improve their global outreach and consumer experience. The denominator for pursuing mobile services is secure organizational effectiveness to sustain a competitive advantage for business sustainability. References Abbass, B., Akram, I. (2010). Mobile marketing: Examining the impact of trust, privacy concern and consumers: Attitudes on intention to purchase. International Journal of Business and Management, 3(4 ), 28-41. Bauer, H. H., Reichardt, T., Barnes, S. J., Neumann, M. M (2005). Driving consumer acceptance of mobile marketing: A theoretical framework and empirical study. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 6(3), 181-192. Beck, R., Beimborn, D., Weitzel, T., Kà ¶nig, W. (2008). Network effects as drivers of individual technology adoption: Analyzing adoption and diffusion of mobile communication services, Information Systems Frontiers, 10(3), 415-429. Beverland, M., Luxton, S. (2005). Managing integrated marketing communication (IMC) through strategic decoupling: How luxury wine firms retain brand leadership while appearing to be wedded to the past. Journal of advertising, 34(4), 103-116. Bouhlel, O., Mzoughi, N., Hadiji, D., Slimane, I. B. (2009). Brand personality and mobile marketing: An empirical investigation. Proceedings of world academy of science, engineering and technology, 41(7), 703-711. Cammer, D. H., Carrington, A. (2014). Implementing federal financial systems projects. Web. Choi, J., Seol, H., Lee, S., Cho, H., Park, Y. (2008). Customer satisfaction factors of mobile commerce in Korea, Internet Research, 18(4), 313-335. Davis, R., Sajtos, L. (2009). Anytime, anywhere: Measuring the ubiquitous consumerââ¬â¢s impulse purchase behavior, International Journal of Mobile Marketing, 4(1), 15-23. Demchenko, Y. (2004). Virtual organizations in computer grids and identity management. Information Security Technical Report, 9(1), 59-76. Jadhav, N., Kamble, S., Patil, M. (2012). Social Media Marketing: The next generation of business trends, Journal of Computer Engineering, 2278(8727), 45-49. Khalifa, M., Shen, K. N. (2008). Drivers for transactional B2C M-commerce adoption: Extended theory of planned behavior. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 48(8), 111-117. Kim, K., Kim, G., Kil, E. (2009). Measuring the compatibility factors in mobile entertainment service adoption. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 50(2), 141-148. Kot, S., Grabara, J. K., Sandu, M., MihÃÆ'ilescu, M. (2011). Trust in B2B e-marketplaces. Annals of the University of PetroÃ
Ÿani, Economics, 11(1), 115-120. Lamarre, A., Galarneau, S. Boeck, H. (2012). Mobile marketing and consumer behaviors current research trend. Latest Trends in Computing, 3(201), 1-9. Singh, M., Thomson, D. (2002). e-Procurement model for B2B exchanges: An Australian Example. Web. This essay on Mobile Systems Uses and Impact on Business was written and submitted by user Jed1d1ah to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.
Thursday, March 19, 2020
What you can learn from Mark Cubanââ¬â¢s routine
What you can learn from Mark Cubanââ¬â¢s routine Mark Cuban is a pretty well-known guy. Maybe you know him from his social media feuds with certain presidents, or his courtside theatrics at Dallas Mavericks games, or his TV appearances as an investor on Shark Tank. The billionaire is a busy man- but also a successful one, so what can we learn from his daily routine? Start early.Just thinking about one is painful to many of the night owls out there, but Cuban credits his early work as one of the key elements of his success. Getting up and starting to work (like checking emails or messages) may seem like a drastic start, but surveys have shown that many people are sharpest when they first wake up.Come up with a mantra.Positive thinking can be very effective, so come up with some personal mantras that work with your goals. According to Cuban, ââ¬Å"Work like there is someone working 24 hours a day to take it all away from youâ⬠keeps him going. What motivates you? How can you turn that into a one-liner?Keep up the pace throughou t the day.Even when thereââ¬â¢s downtime, Cuban keeps checking emails to stay informed. Some downtime is usually key to decompressing, but if you find yourself with periods that arenââ¬â¢t so busy during the work day, doing quick checks of email can help you stay focused.Donââ¬â¢t get stuck in meetings.Cuban feels like most meetings are a ââ¬Å"waste of time.â⬠For the rest of us, meetings are often a necessary evil if we want to get our work done, but you can apply Cubanââ¬â¢s philosophy to your own career by evaluating whether sit-down meetings are truly necessary, or if you can get the work done another way (like brief face-to-face chats, or a phone call/email).Make time for personal priorities.As a parent, Cuban finds himself with a dilemma familiar to many: having professional obligations pull one way, family obligations another. Itââ¬â¢s a matter of scheduling the highest-priority family moments into the day. It is also a matter of balance: ââ¬Å"I canâ⠬â¢t make all their games, but I make most,â⬠he says.Take time for self care.Cubanââ¬â¢s not only basketball team owner, but also an unofficial player, making time for basketball games and other workouts as part of the daily fitness routine. Whatever your fitness or self care routine is (yoga, meditation, gym time, walking the dog, etc.), make sure you carve out some time in your day for it. Pushing too hard at work and not having an outlet can lead to major work stress.Get enough sleep.Speaking of work stress, not getting enough sleep can be a major contributor. Cuban gets six to seven hours a night. The ideal can vary by person, but whatever your magic number is for peak productivity and performance during the day, make sure youââ¬â¢re getting that sleep as much as you can.We may not all be billionaire investors, but Mark Cubanââ¬â¢s daily routines show us that with a little extra focus, scheduling, and consistency, we can try living like one.
Tuesday, March 3, 2020
How Honeybees Turn Nectar Into Honey
How Honeybees Turn Nectar Into Honey The sweet, viscous honey we take for granted as a sweetener or cooking ingredient is the product of industrious honeybees working as a highly organized colony, collecting flower nectar and converting it into a high-sugar food store. The production of honey by bees involves several chemical processes, including digestion, regurgitation, enzyme activity, and evaporation. Bees create honey as a highly efficient food source to sustain themselves year-round, including the dormant months of winter- human beings are just along for the ride. In the commercial honey-gatheringà industry, the excess honey in the hive is what is harvested for packaging and sale, with enough honey left in the hive to sustain the bee population until it becomes active again the following spring.à The Honeybee Colony A honeybee colony generally consists of one queen bee- the only fertile female; a few thousand drone bees, which are fertile males; and tens of thousands of worker bees, which are sterile females.à In the production of honey, these worker bees take on specialized roles asà foragersà andà house bees. Gathering and Processing Flower Nectar The actual process of transforming the flower nectar into honey requires teamwork. First,à older foragerà worker beesà fly out from the hive in search of nectar-rich flowers. Using its straw-like proboscis, a forager bee drinks the liquid nectar from a flower and stores it in a special organ called the honey stomach. The bee continues to forage until its honey stomach is full, visiting 50 to 100à flowers per trip from the hive. At the moment the nectars reach the honey stomach, enzymes begin to break down the complex sugars of the nectar into simpler sugars that are less prone to crystallization. This process is called inversion. Handing Off the Nectar With a full belly, the foragerà bee heads back to the hive and regurgitates the already modified nectar directly toà a younger house bee. The house bee ingests the sugary offering from the forager bee, and its own enzymes further break down the sugars. Within the hive, house bees pass the nectar from individual to individual until the water content is reduced to about 20 percent. At this point, the last house bee regurgitates the fully inverted nectar into a cell of the honeycomb.à Next, the hive bees beat their wings furiously, fanning the nectar to evaporate its remaining water content; evaporation is also helped by the temperature inside a hive being a constant 93 to 95 F. As the water evaporates, the sugars thicken into a substance recognizable as honey. When an individual cell is full of honey, the house bee caps the beeswax cell, sealing the honey into the honeycomb for later consumption. The beeswax is produced by glands on the bees abdomen. Collecting Pollen While most foraging bees are dedicated to collecting nectar for the production of honey, about 15 to 30 percent of the foragers are collecting pollen on their flights out from the hive.à The pollen is used to make beebread, the bees main source of dietary protein. The pollen also provides bees with fats, vitamins, and minerals. To keep pollen from spoiling, the bees add enzymes and acids to ità from salivary gland secretions. How Much Honey Is Produced? A single worker bee lives only a few weeks and in that time produces only about 1/12th of a teaspoon of honey.à But working cooperatively, a hives thousands of worker bees can produce more thanà 200 pounds of honey for the colony within a year. Of this amount, a beekeeper can harvest 30 to 60 pounds of honey without compromising the colonys ability to survive the winter.à The Food Value of Honey A tablespoon of honey contains 60 calories, 16 grams of sugar, and 17 grams of carbs. For humans, its a less bad sweetener than refined sugar, because honey contains antioxidants and enzymes. Honey can vary in color, flavor, and antioxidant level, depending on where it is produced because it can be made from so many different trees and flowers. For example, eucalyptus honey may seem to have a hint of menthol flavor. Honey made from nectar from fruit bushes may have more fruity undertones than honeyà made from nectars of flowering plants. Honey produced and sold locally is often much more unique in taste than honey manufactured on a huge scale and appearing on grocery store shelves, because these widely distributed products are highly refined and pasteurized, and they may be blends of honeyà from many different regions.à Honey can be purchased in several different forms. It is available as a traditional viscous liquid in glass or plastic bottles, or it can be purchased as slabs of honeycomb with honey still packed in the cells. You can also buy honey in granulated form or whipped or creamed to make it easier to spread.à Bee Species All honey consumed by people is produced by only seven different species ofà honeybees. Other types of bees, and a few other insects, also make honey, but these types are not used for commercial production and human consumption. Bumblebees, for example, make a similar honey-like substance to store their nectar, but its not the sweet delicacy that honeybees make.à Neither is it made in the same quantity because, inà a bumblebee colony, only the queen hibernates for the winter. About Nectarà Honey is not possible at all without nectar from flowering plants. Nectar is a sweet, liquidy substance produced by glands within plant flowers. Nectar is anà evolutionary adaptation that attracts insects to the flowers by offering them nutrition. In return, the insects help fertilize the flowers by transmitting pollen particles clinging to their bodies from flower to flower during their foraging activities. In this synergetic relationship, both parties benefit: Bees and other insects gain food while simultaneously transmitting the pollen necessary to fertilization and seed production in the flowering plants. In its natural state, nectar contains about 80 percentà water, along with complex sugars. Left unattended, nectar eventually ferments and is useless as a food source for bees. It cannot be stored for any length of time by the insects. But by transforming the nectar into honey, the bees create an efficient and usable carbohydrate that is only 14 to 18 percent water and one that can be stored almost indefinitely without fermenting or spoiling. Pound for pound, honey provides bees with a much more concentrated energy source that can sustain them through cold winter months.
Sunday, February 16, 2020
Health and Safety (Exposure to vibration ) Assignment
Health and Safety (Exposure to vibration ) - Assignment Example The oscillations may be regular or random, depending on the source. In determination of the health effects of vibration, overall pressure waves generated by the vibrating equipment must be measured. Vibration gets way into the body through the organ exposed to it. For example, vibration enters an operator of a chainsaw through the hands and arms. After prolonged use of the machine, the hands and arms get affected. Vibration is quantified by amplitude or intensity and frequency. Frequency is the number of cycles a vibrating object completes in a second, measured in hertz (Hz). Amplitude is the distance at which the object moves from a stationary position to the extreme position on either side, quantified in meters (m). Speed is used to determine the intensity of vibration and varies from zero to a maximum per cycle of vibration, quantified in meters per second (m/s). Acceleration measures the rate of change of speed with time, quantified in units of meters per second or meters per sec ond squared. It increases whenever a vibrating object moves further from its statutory position. Resonance also plays critical role in the impact of vibration on the human body. Since each organ has its own resonant frequency, when an employeeââ¬â¢s body is exposed to a vibration of similar frequency to a body organ, risks are greatly increased. Types of Vibration Exposure to hazardous levels of vibration is linked to adverse health outcomes. Some of the health problems caused by vibration are back pain, carpal tunnel syndrome and vascular disorders. Vibration injury is derived from outdoor activities such as farming, transportation, forestry, shipping and construction. Vibration exposure is divided into two categories: whole-body vibration (WBV) and segmental vibration or hand and arm vibration (HAV). Their sources differ as they affect different parts of the body, of different symptoms. a. Segmental vibration or hand-arm vibration This is a mechanical vibration transmitted to t he human being through part or segment of the body, mostly the hands or arms. Hand-arm vibration causes permanent adverse health effects collectively referred to as hand-arm vibration syndrome (HAVS) and specific diseases like carpal tunnel syndrome. What is HAV? This term describes any kind of damage to blood vessels, nerves or muscles in the hands or arms caused by vibration from hand held tools or hand-guided machinery, or when employees hold materials under process by machinery. Most tools and processes vibrate at high levels that expose employees to risk of HAV. Some of these tools are concrete/road breakers, concrete pokers, sanders, disc cutters, hand held grinders and other rotary tools, hammer drills, jigsaws, polishers, sanders, chipping hammers, chainsaws, strimmers, brush cutters, hedge trimmers, leaf blowers, mowers, scrabblers or needle guns, pressure washers, and wood machining equipment among others. Exposure to HAV depends on several factors. These are: The magnitud e and frequency of vibration, The duration called trigger time and frequency of use, Pattern of exposure, including rest breaks, Manner of handling of machines, i.e. magnitude of grip, Surface area of hand exposure to vibration, Environment of working condition like awkward posture, Temperature of exposure, and Individual susceptibility. How does HAV affect health? Employees are exposed to a number of incurable injuries to arms, hands and even damage to blood circulatory system (the so-called
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