Southern Horrors And Other Writings - 1107 Words

Alyssa Rubio U.S. History 1162: Southern Horrors Essay Prof. Kara Carroll October 4, 2015 Southern Horrors and Other Writings The aftermath of the civil war left the U.S in a terrible position; thus calling for the dawning of the Reconstruction era. The idea of Reconstruction was brought up by Pres. Abe Lincoln, but it was brought out by Andrew Johnson after President Lincoln was assassinated. The hopes for former slaves was lifted when the 13th-15th amendments were established and many rights for black men were created. While Southern state governments abolished slavery, they did nothing to alter the status of freedmen and women; to show, the rights once held by former slaves were taken away from them. Black men could not vote, they could not own property, and they were forced into sharecropping, which made debt highly likely. Slavery was still punishment for crimes, but the biggest punishment for crimes committed by blacks was lynching. Ida B. Wells begins her writing of Southern Horrors announcing the lynching of eight negroes throughout the South in a month. These eight men were accused of killing, raping, and assaulting white citizens. All of the men captured were shot, hanged, or burned alive without being convicted of the alleged crimes in a court. If a white male was accused of committing burglary, murder, or rape, he would be convicted in court of law (if proven guilty) and sentenced for how severe the crime was. The white male may be let out of prison early,Show MoreRelatedEdgar Allan Poes Impact on American Literature1379 Words   |  6 PagesEdgar Allan Poe is one of the most influential writers of the horror genre in American history. His horror stories have impacted numerous authors and their stories over the years. Various people have tried to copy his way of writing style, but they have failed to achieve the success he did. Even though Poe is no longer living, his impact on American literature can st ill be felt today. Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, Massachusetts on January 19, 1809. Even though Edgar Allan Poe did not growRead MoreIda Wells-Barnett And Southern Horrors1420 Words   |  6 PagesSouth†, and the lynching’s of some of her closest friends, Wells-Barnett was compelled to write and publish Southern Horrors in 1892. This was written to educate and enlighten the public of the countless lynching’s taking place and other acts of injustice occurring throughout the south against blacks. Wells-Barnett sought to reveal the true, root cause of these lynching’s by informing others that this was a plot by white southerners to keep all African Americans suppressed economically, and to keepRead More Lynching and Women: Ida B. Wells Essay937 Words   |  4 PagesLynching and Women: Ida B. Wells Emancipated blacks, after the Civil War, continued to live in fear of lynching, a practice of vigilantism that was often based on false accusations. Lynching was not only a way for southern white men to exert racist â€Å"justice,† it was also a means of keeping women, white and black, under the control of a violent white male ideology. In response to the injustices of lynching, the anti-lynching movement was established—a campaign in which women played a key roleRead MoreGothic Literature and the Writings of Edgar Allan Poe Essays850 Words   |  4 PagesThere is one known very influential writing style called Gothic Literature. It is not only considered to involve the horror or gothic element but is combined with romance, superstition, women in distress, omens, portents, vision and supernatural events to name a few (Beesly). The history and beginning of this era is not well known. From a few writers came this writing style that has impacted the world. A famous arti sts known for this type of writing is a man named Edgar Allan Poe. He wrote many shortRead MoreThe Apartheid And Racial Segregation1341 Words   |  6 Pagesand racial tension of the time. This knowledge and her experiences gave her insights about the South that were crucial in her successful crusade against lynching and segregation. Wells’ experiences living and writing in Memphis paved the way for her later, and more influential time writing for New York Age. Wells became active in the fight against segregation when, while riding the train one day, she refused to leave a car meant only for white women, after which â€Å"she was physically thrown off†(BiographyRead MoreThe Lynching Of Lynching, By Ida B. Wells Barnett1392 Words   |  6 Pagesand racial tension of the time. This knowledge and her experiences gave her insights about the South that were crucial in her successful crusade against lynching and segregation. Wells’ experiences living and writing in Memphis paved the way for her later, and more influential time writing for the New York Age. Wells became active in the fight against segregation when, while riding the train one day, she refused to leave a car meant only for white women, after which â€Å"she was physically thrown off†(BiographyRead MoreSummary Of Ida B. Wells-Barnetts Southern Horrors1305 Words   |  6 PagesIda B. Wells-Barnett’s Southern Horrors was published with the intention of bringing awareness to the injustice of Southern lynching and exposing its true purpose. With the Confederate Army’s defeat and the reunification of the United States at the end of the Civil War, thousands of previously enslaved African-Americans suddenly found themselves freed from their owners. This newfound freedom however, was not nearly at the same level as whites and other minorities. Especially in the south, many formerRead MoreThe Literary Works That I Will Be Featuring829 Words   |  4 Pages The two literary works that I will be featuring are a short story and novel; both set centuries apart yet, connect with one another in linguistic principles. Both horror writers and with this genre, semantics can be quite fascinating. Both King and Poe, focus on the various levels of semantics horror and psychological. The semantic perspective of Christine are that of modern day slang, teenage symbolism. With semantic idioms and jokes, you would see the humor behind the man with the scary maskRead MoreEssay On Stephen Kings Life1609 Words   |  7 PagesStephen King’s Life Stephan King is easily one of the most well-known writers in the horror genre. Often regarded as â€Å"The Master of Horror,† King’s impact on the horror genre is remarkable, and he has written both books and screenplays. Many of his works have been turned into movies, further increasing his popularity. Most people at least vaguely know who Stephen King is, but not many know his real story. In today’s time Stephen King entrances audiences and his classic books are converted into screenplaysRead MoreBiography and Work of Stephen King Essays1337 Words   |  6 Pagesblood, children killing adults, an adventurous cat and â€Å"here’s Johnny!† can all be connected to the KING of terror and horror, Stephen King. King is one of todays most popular and best selling writers. King combines thrillers, science fiction, the paranormal and detective themes into his stories. He is mainly known for his novels, which has allowed him to do different types of writin gs such as movie scripts, nonfiction, autobiographies, childrens books, and short stories. Kings works are so powerful

Psychological Foundation of Education Free Essays

Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Maynila (University of the City of Manila) Gen. Luna St. Intramuros, Manila Graduate School of Arts, Sciences and Education Course Code and Title:Foundation of Education Title:Psychological Foundation Professor:Dr. We will write a custom essay sample on Psychological Foundation of Education or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ofelia D. Lazarte Date:March 8, 2008 Teaching and learning are complex processes that bring people together. While teaching consist of behaviors are practiced by the teacher to facilitate and development of the individual, learning implies a relatively permanent change in behavior potentiality resulting from maturation and experience. Teaching and learning are both psychological processes. They are the main concerns of the teacher since learning is the ultimate purpose of teaching. The teacher who has a knowledge of the theories and principles of human development specifically intellectual development can design learning activities appropriate learner and will promote effective learning. The educative process has three components namely, the learner who is the center of the educative process in a school, the teachers who provides needed learning opportunities ands guide learners, and the learning process undertaken to achieve the desired outcomes. There are two general factors that affect the human development: heredity and environment. Heredity and environment complement and supplement each other in every phase of growth and development. In the life span of human beings, there are stages of development based on the chronological age of individuals. These are prenatal period, infancy or babyhood, early childhood, late childhood, adolescence, early adulthood, middle age and old age. Corresponding to each stage are certain characteristics and social expectations termed developmental tasks. Several theories of development were formulated by psychologists to explain behavioral changes at various stages of development. The five theories of development are Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, Vygotsky’s theory of development, Erikson’s psychological theory of development, Freud’s psychoanalytic theory and Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. For successful teaching, educators should understand variations among individuals. They show physical, intellectual, and behavioral differences. Learning is the acquisition through maturation and experience of new and more knowledge, skills, and attitudes that will enable the learner to make better and more adequate reactions, responses, and adjustments to new situations and conditions. An understanding of the nature of learning and the conditions under which learning takes place is very important to the teacher. There are three types of learning Cognitive learning which pertains to the acquisition of knowledge, facts and information, principles, ideas, concepts, understanding, reasoning. Affective learning which involves the process of acquiring good attitudes ideas, judgment and values and Psychomotor learning which involves the use of the muscles in bodily movement. Learning theories are classified as behavioral learning theories and cognitive learning theories. Among the behavioral theories are: Thorndike’s connectionism; Skinner’s operant conditioning; Pavlov’s classical conditioning; and Albert Bandura’s social learning theories. Cognitive theories of learning emphasize the concept that learning is a process of discovering and understanding relationships. Among the cognitive theories are; Kurt Lewin’s field theory, Kohler’s insight theory, Ausebels’s meaningful learning theory, Bruner’s cognitive theory, and information-processing theories. The teacher is the key factor in the classroom learning situation. She performs varied roles as model, manager, counselor, facilitator and evaluator of learning. Motivation is the process of arousing and sustaining interest in activity in order to achieve a goal. There are two kinds of motivation; intrinsic and extrinsic motivation. Intrinsic is an internal stimulus that arouses one to action while extrinsic motivation is an external stimulus to action. It comes in the form of praise, high grades, medals, incentives, etc. There are various theories of motivation related to learning. A well-known theory of motivation is by Abraham Maslow. Other motivation theories are David McClellands need achievement theory and attribution theory. Communication is also very important in the learning situation. In the classroom, different patterns of classroom interaction are adopted by the teacher and students ensure effective learning. Knowing and understanding learning styles will enables the teacher to design strategies and methods of teaching that will match diversity of learning styles among pupils. How to cite Psychological Foundation of Education, Papers

Managing Research for People and Technology- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theManaging Research for People and Technology. Answer: Critique the problem definition and research problem this research report addressed. The need to improve workplace safety is imperative. Worker perceptions of safety are on the rise, and a lot of improvements in employee engagement and productivity are encouraged. Individual safety has emerged to be the most prioritized phenomenon. This is as a result of most of the dynamic interactions among individuals (Sawacha, E., Shamil, N., Daniel, F, 2012). Key issues which contribute to such social transformation, especially in organizations, include; people, technology, and more o, regulations. Such elements make systems view an important concept. The main aim, in the long run, is to develop the entire system for the comfort of all involved. Accident prevention, related to employee safety and workplace security is the major aspects under consideration. The research problem, in this case, relates to personnel engagement, boredom, and more so, frontline construction (Huang, 2008). The need to consider the most efficient and technical element of safety is advocated for as well. Organizations are expected to come up with the best and the most effective accident models for the sake of including aspects of safety regarding organizational and technical elements. Construction safety is the most advocated element in this research paper. The construction industry, which is developing at a rapid rate, is expected to adhere to all regulations and legal requirements especially for the primary purposes of improving productivity and high levels of effectiveness. The construction industry is placed in the limelight in this research (Cox, S., Tom, C, 2008). Construction site operations are very complex and more so, emergent in the contemporary world. Safety management systems can be provided, to curb accidents and more so, address interactions among organizations. The safety culture and embracement of caution in most organizations need to be encouraged. Over the past two decades, there has been increasing attention about the need to address interactions among subsystems and foster the conceptualization of safety climate constructs in the main organizations. The need to feel safe at work is a fundamental element of accident prevention. Trust, and fairness, among other values in the organization, are meant to help promote a sense of psychological safety among employees. In most entities, supervisors are charged with the responsibility of ensuring that employees feel safe in their different workstations. Numerous factors contribute to a worker feeling safe in their workplace. In most cases, basic assurance is considered to be of excellent help regarding safety enhancement and accident prevention in various environments (Tucker, S., Chmiel, N., Hershcovis, M, Stride, C, 2008). Consequently, every individual is charged with the responsibility of ensuring that they minimize the rates of accident occurrence through maintaining accountability in the long run. This research report has provided full coverage to the problem of safety in the workplace. The problem of increased workplace accidents, injuries and continuous irresponsibility in the organization has also been highly condemned. Evidently, every person has a responsibility to keep its workers safe. Legal standards need to be fully embraced, and more so, regulations complied with to avoid litigation. Anticipating any problem before it occurs is a major strategy of mitigating accidents (Probst, T, Brubaker, T, 2001). The capacity to visualize possible future events is highly encouraged to solve the problem under consideration. Are the methods used to collect data (e.g., focus groups, questionnaires) sufficiently justified and described? The best way to know if the methods used to collect data were efficient or not is by looking at the type of information that is needed in the research. In this case, the information that was needed must have been factual and detailed. Therefore, the most appropriate method is that one that engages the stakeholders in the industry (Fang, D., Chen, Y., Wong, L, 2006). The interviews and follow-up surveys were used in collecting data, and that is a clear indication that the methods were sufficiently justified. Why were they efficiently justified? The research needed to know more about the safety of workers in the construction industry. Such means that there was no short cut but to hear from the people who are in the industry. The construction industry is one of the delicate industries when it comes to research; one does not just make assumptions and try to support them with opinions, one must dig deeper and know what is happening on the ground (Cox, S., Tom, C, 2008). The methods used make sure that the researchers did not make conclusions from a boardroom but the ground. To show that the methods were efficient, it is good to look at the supporting evidence that has been provided in the research. According to the report, frontline safety officers and frontline supervisors were interviewed. These were the people who would know more about safety in constructions sites. The method of making sure that their views, as well as observations, were collected makes the whole process justifiable and of help to the researchers. When it comes to describing the methods, such was done in a manner that made each and every person reading the report understood. There are facts that support the point (Torner, M., Anders, P, 2009). First, even before going deeper and reading the whole research, the abstract makes it clear that qualitative method is to be used in gathering all the information needed (Brown, R, Holmes, H, 1986). After going into the report, one can see how the whol e method was used, and that is made possible by the fact that the explanation given is detailed. What further information (if any) do you require? For the sake of knowing more about the topic of research, there is more information that would be of help to me. First, the concentration was given to a specific organization. The organization is a multi-billion organization, and that means that it has a lot of resources. My question would be; are the same issues facing the organization the same issues that face other developing organizations? It is important to note that the construction industry is large and huge (Brown, 2014). There are small organizations that are finding their way into the industry. With this in mind, it is essential to dig deeper and provide information that has not only been collected from established organizations but from across the divide. The other information that I am interested in is the role that each and every stakeholder plays in workplace safety (Fang, D., Chen, Y., Wong, L, 2006). Such includes people who make the situation worse and the people who pay a significant role in containing the situatio n. Data Analysis Strategy Qualitative Research The qualitative approach of research is a more holistic way of data collection that is usually harnessed without help from statistical or mathematical figures (Silverman, 2016). It requires a more intuitive approach with a lot of emphasis on context (Taylor, S., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M., 2015). The writer exercised tools of qualitative analysis such as interviewing focus groups. The focus group interviewed included 25 frontline supervisors who were all male and 2 safety supervisors who were female. The interviews were thorough in that the time allocated stretched between 60 and 90 minutes and involved up to 9 attendees. The interviews were conducted when all of the participants were on duty and when they were either starting or ending a shift. The sessions had supervisors present and audio tapes were recorded. The main purpose of the focus groups was to understand the causes of accidents and since qualitative analysis puts into consideration human behavior more than numbers and figures (Liamputtong, 2013). Thus, practical examples were used such as the force-field methodology that was used to draw out the views of the supervisors. The football field example was fruit-bearing, and several conclusions were made such as determining factors both internal and external that resulted in causing accidents. Survey Research A survey research is a data collection method conducted by primarily asking questions (Fowler, 2013). Its main purpose according to several sources is to assess thoughts, opinions, and feelings. Here, the survey involved 207 frontline workers with different levels of experience. Over half the workers interviewed had more than three years of experience, and the survey showed that 30% of the respondents had experienced a notable accident in the past year. Reliability Analysis According to reliability analysis experts, a scale should consistently reflect the construct it is measuring (Zio, 2013). The researchers developed a composite scale to determine how safe the workers felt. The final construct was put to the test and items in the composite scale were found to be unidimensional. Also, the researcher also conducted a safety climate questionnaire. Safety climate refers to a workgroup's perceived true value of safety in an organization. Tacit Safety and Explicit Safety Factor analysis as a statistical method used to describe variability among observed, correlated variables regarding a potentially lower number of unobserved variables called factors (Brown, 2014). To assess the independence of the external and internal safety measure, the researcher performed a principal axis analysis on the nine variables contributing to both safeties climate and feeling safe constructs. Presentation and Communication Research is an exacting job and requires a lot of patience and skill for a researcher to achieve exemplary reports. Several aspects of a good research report can be used to evaluate the quality of the above report based on the researchers communication and presentation skills. Attention to Detail The researcher has gone to great extents to ensure that the journal is thorough and rigorous. The attention to detail is exceptional as every topic and subtopic have been exhausted and elaborated. The facts and figures presented have been properly and satisfactorily explained and the subject matter extensively discussed. The presentation gives a complete picture of the problem under investigation as all the issues that the reader could fin relevant to the subject matter have been fully addressed. Accuracy The importance of the above research journal cannot be overstated as, like any other research project, it is dealing with issues of huge magnitude in regards to decision and policy making. Accuracy is of utmost importance (Denscombe, 2014). The researcher in the above case has done a commendable job in ensuring that the research presented based on facts and all the references and ideologies presented are verifiable, factual and reliable. The mentioning of the personnel involved in the research process that is the interviews and the questionnaires gives support to the legality of the research conducted. Clarity of Thought Everything from the research problem should express clarity. The researcher, in this case, has demonstrated impressive clarity of thoughts from the introduction and the mentioning of the research problem under investigation to the topics of discussion are all presented in a clear flow. Style and Formatting All research components such as introduction, findings, and recommendations have been properly crafted and are relevant to the research topic. The report has been written down from a third persons perspective. This is crucial because a research report is intended for the person who needs it and not the person who writes it down. The researcher in the above report has used proper font size and italic fonts and bolded fonts where necessary, and the general outlay is easy to follow through. Non-partisan approach A writers work should be unprejudiced in both fact and fault finding. Their personal opinions and or emotions should not be reflected on the paper, and the presentation should be neutral. The facts and opinions presented in the above research article are not biased, and the communication does not signal any prejudice, and the findings are genuine to the topic under investigation (Davies, M., Hughes, N., 2014). Comprehensible Finally, the writer of the above research project has delivered a lucid and well-organized document with moderate vocabulary and is the language use is comprehensible. Bibliography Brown, R, Holmes, H. (1986). The Use of A Factor Analytic Procedure for Assessing the Validity of an Employee Climate Safety Model. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 18(6), 455-470. Brown, T. (2014). Confirmatory factor analysis for applied research. Guilford Publications. Cox, S., Tom, C. (2008). The Structure of Employee Attitudes to Safety: A European Example. Work and Stress, 93-106. Davies, M., Hughes, N. (2014). Doing a successful research project: Using qualitative or quantitative methods. Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. Denscombe, M. (2014). The good research guide: for small-scale research projects. McGraw-Hill Education. Fang, D., Chen, Y., Wong, L. (2006). Safety Climate in Construction Industry: A Case Study in Hong Kong. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 132(6), 573-584. Fowler, F. (2013). Survey research methods. Sage Publications. Huang, Y. (2008). Safety Climate and Self-Reported Injury: Assessing the Mediating Role of Employee Safety Control. Accident Analysis and Prevention, 425-433. Liamputtong, P. (2013). Qualitative research methods. Probst, T, Brubaker, T. (2001). The Effects of Job Insecurity on Employee Safety Outcomes: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Explorations. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 6(2), 139. Sawacha, E., Shamil, N., Daniel, F. (2012). Factors Affecting Safety Performance on Construction Sites. International Journal of Project Management, 309-315. Silverman, D. (2016). Qualitative research. Sage. Taylor, S., Bogdan, R., DeVault, M., (2015). Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley Sons. Torner, M., Anders, P. (2009). Safety in Construction: A Comprehensive Description of the Characteristics of High Standards in Construction Work, from the Combined Perspective of Supervisors and Experienced Workers. Journal of Safety Research, 40(6), 399-409. Tucker, S., Chmiel, N., Hershcovis, M, Stride, C. (2008). Perceived Organizational Safety for and Employee Safety Voice: The Mediating Role of Co-worker Support for Safety. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 13(4) 319. Zio, E. (2013). The Monte Carlo simulation for system reliability and risk analysis. 198.

Positive Reinforcement free essay sample

This study is based on the effect of positive reinforcement on exercising more regularly. I wanted to try and exercise at least 30min – 1hr everyday within one week’s period of time. In trying to do so I used positive reinforcement to increase to time I used to exercise more each day. I studied myself for this case and I am a 21 year old female who attends Southwestern Illinois College. Over a seven day baseline period I noted that I never exercised at all, unless you count the time token to walk to my car and or from one class to the next. Over the seven day treatment period I exercised more being that I couldn’t watch TV unless I completed at least 30mins of exercise. So if I wanted to watch an hour of TV I had to exercise at least 30mins and this was very successful for me. We will write a custom essay sample on Positive Reinforcement or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The use of positive reinforcement in this study was easiest for me and worked to help me exercise more. In the future when applying behavior modification to help me exercise more I may try something different to help me increase the timed used to exercise daily. Instead of using a privilege as a reward I can switch it up and use something I really want, such as a new pair of shoes as a positive reinforcement to continue to get me to exercise more regularly each day. Keywords: positive reinforcement, baseline period, treatment period, behavior modification For my behavior modification project, I wanted to increase how much I exercised. My goal was to exercise at least 5 days a week for at least 30mins a day. The reason I chose exercising for this project is because I believe it’s something I needed to do more of to stay healthy and fit. The reasons I think I have trouble exercising regularly is 1) I am so busy with school and school work, I made myself believe I didn’t have time to. 2) I procrastinate a lot and would always put it off for later and end up never doing it at all. I plan on using positive reinforcement to increase how much I exercise daily. My short term goal is to exercise at least 5days a week for at least 30mins long. My long term goal is to increase the time spent exercising each day from 30mins to 1hour long and to start eating healthier as well. Methods My operational definition for my target behavior is exercising more, to exercise at least 30mins a day. Positive Reinforcement will be my treatment. Whenever I want to watch television I have to complete 30mins of exercise. I will use positive reinforcement by rewarding myself 1hr of television if I exercise for 30mins. Procedure1 For 2weeks I collected data for this study. For 7 days I collected data before I used behavior modification to change my non exercising habit. For another 7 days I collected data in the treatment phase where I started using positive reinforcement whenever I exercised. Baseline phase. During the 7 day baseline phase I recorded how much I did or didn’t exercise each day. I did not reward myself for exercising and I didn’t punish myself for not exercising at all. I wrote down and kept track in my notebook how much I did or didn’t exercise each day. Treatment phase. During the 7 day treatment phase, I rewarded myself 1hour of television if I exercised for at least 30mins. Results During the baseline phase I spent zero minutes exercising a day. I did not exercise at all. During the treatment phase I exercised an average of 45min a day. I met my goal of exercising more regularly at a minimum of at least 30mins a day. Summary During the treatment phase of this study I met my goal of exercising more every day for a minimum of 30mins by using positive reinforcement. I plan on continuing this and using positive reinforcement to help me exercise more each day and increase my time spent exercising. I also would like to try to start eating healthier to lose weight and I will use positive reinforcement to do so. I am going to try new rein forcers for exercising more and eating healthy, such as a pair of new shoes when I reach my goal. I will continue to try and increase my exercising habit and try adding on other healthy habits such as eating healthy and try losing weight. .

Free Essays on Why Lucky Jim Turned Roght-Obituary of Kingsley Amis

When Kingsley Amis died last year at the age of 73, the general verdict was that he had been the greatest comic novelist of his generation. After making his mark with Lucky Jim (1954) he never looked back, as one comic novel after the other flowed from his pen. Such was the continued acclaim for his work that in 1986 he won the Booker prize for The Old Devils. As a contributor to The Spectator put it, 'He was above all quick-minded, verbally agile, terribly funny, a vigorous persecutor of bores, pseuds and wankers and a most tremendous mimic.'1 Yet many have wondered just how funny and critical Amis, particularly the Amis of the later novels, really was. After all Amis became notoriously hostile to progressive causes and a political supporter of Margaret Thatcher. He was rewarded with a CBE in 1981 and knighted in 1990. Far from being a vigorous persecutor he seemed to have joined the ranks of bores, pseuds and wankers. The heroes of his novels appeared more and more to be the mouthpiece for Amis's pet hates, uttering a never ending stream of extremely unfunny and narrow- (rather than quick-) minded attacks on gays, nuclear disarmers, women's libbers, and so on. What, it might be said, is the point of reading these novels when a visit to the local pub and an interview with the bar bore would yield the same reactionary rant? Perhaps, though, this is too simplistic a dismissal, one which stems from confusing creator and character. Shouldn't we instead put aside what we know about Amis's personal opinions and value the novels for holding up a mirror to the unpleasant realities of our society? This is the view of the liberal minded literary critic Malcolm Bradbury: In later works, like Jake's Thing (1978) and Stanley and the Women (1984), he examined the growing gender conflicts between men and women and their impact on the family and on male psychology. And his prize-winning The Old Devils (1986) showed his cantankerously mortal se... Free Essays on Why Lucky Jim Turned Roght-Obituary of Kingsley Amis Free Essays on Why Lucky Jim Turned Roght-Obituary of Kingsley Amis When Kingsley Amis died last year at the age of 73, the general verdict was that he had been the greatest comic novelist of his generation. After making his mark with Lucky Jim (1954) he never looked back, as one comic novel after the other flowed from his pen. Such was the continued acclaim for his work that in 1986 he won the Booker prize for The Old Devils. As a contributor to The Spectator put it, 'He was above all quick-minded, verbally agile, terribly funny, a vigorous persecutor of bores, pseuds and wankers and a most tremendous mimic.'1 Yet many have wondered just how funny and critical Amis, particularly the Amis of the later novels, really was. After all Amis became notoriously hostile to progressive causes and a political supporter of Margaret Thatcher. He was rewarded with a CBE in 1981 and knighted in 1990. Far from being a vigorous persecutor he seemed to have joined the ranks of bores, pseuds and wankers. The heroes of his novels appeared more and more to be the mouthpiece for Amis's pet hates, uttering a never ending stream of extremely unfunny and narrow- (rather than quick-) minded attacks on gays, nuclear disarmers, women's libbers, and so on. What, it might be said, is the point of reading these novels when a visit to the local pub and an interview with the bar bore would yield the same reactionary rant? Perhaps, though, this is too simplistic a dismissal, one which stems from confusing creator and character. Shouldn't we instead put aside what we know about Amis's personal opinions and value the novels for holding up a mirror to the unpleasant realities of our society? This is the view of the liberal minded literary critic Malcolm Bradbury: In later works, like Jake's Thing (1978) and Stanley and the Women (1984), he examined the growing gender conflicts between men and women and their impact on the family and on male psychology. And his prize-winning The Old Devils (1986) showed his cantankerously mortal se...

Asylum : Refugees Denied Of A Home

In the early 1900s, Britain became a new home for thousands of Black, Asian, and other refugees and immigrants seeking asylum from their own countries. The issue of discrimination and prejudice became prevalent and the outcry of blacks all over Britain was no longer ignored. It showed that there was not peace in a place that highly values their reputation. Britain’s leaders valued their reputation consisting of positive things related to aesthetic and class. Yet, there were people marching in their†¦ world of refugees. According to the 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees: a refugee is a person who, owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group, or political opinion, is outside the country of their nationality, and is unable to or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail him/herself of the protection of that country (Refugee, 2008). The current crisis of refugees around†¦ treatment of refugees who land on Australian shores. â€Å"At the end of 2015, the number of refugees reached 65.3 million, revealing that 1 in every 113 people are displaced from their home.† This constant rise in refugee number highlights the importance for Australia’s government to move towards better solutions for the management of asylum seekers. This essay will consider the political context that surround refugees, giving the perspectives on the debate of whether to accept or deny refugees. This will†¦ The Unfair Treatment of Haitian Refugees compared to their Cuban Counterparts. According to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), there are more refugees today than ever before—and more than half of them are believed to be children. Most of these people have left their homes in search of better living conditions and economic opportunities. This is especially true for Cuban and Haitian refugees. Living in a forever-changing world, we have to start rethinking our old immigration†¦ Asylees and Refugees Refugees and Asylees are defined as, â€Å"Under international law as being outside their home country and having a well-founded fear of persecution based on race, religion, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group, according to Bridging Refugee Youth & Children Services article, â€Å"Refugee 101.† In the United States, refugee and asylees resettlement was reestablished in the 1980’s. So far, 1.8 million people came to live in the US and†¦ Category: The Blog SEO Key Term: Refugees Is this from the topics needing covered tab: Yes 10 Facts About Ecuador Refugees The 7.8-magnitude earthquake in April 2016 killed over 650 people in north-western Ecuador, across the provinces of Esmeraldas and Manabà ­. Rubbing salt into the wound, two strong aftershocks in May of M6.7 and M6.8 injured 90 people and devastated the two provinces. The United Nations Refugee Agency has called on donors to immediately provide monetary support of US$73 million†¦ Question: â€Å"How has Australia protected human rights of asylum seekers in Immigration detention centers?† My Research Project was motivated by a movie screening I had attended during Refugee Week. The film viewed was â€Å"Mary meets Mohammad† (2013), which documented the commencement of Tasmania’s first Immigration detention Centre in 2011. From this involvement I was inquisitive as to how alacritous Australia’s society is in supporting asylum seekers and refugees. Having limited prior knowledge on this divisive†¦ his/her country of origin due to political reasons. When the person requests for protection from a foreign country he/she is accepted as an asylum. The country offers protection to the person as a political refugee. Those who seek asylum are normally persecuted for political reasons (Oxford journal, 2011). Those who confess to the Muslim religion view political asylum and migration with great importance. This is due to the political situation of the Muslim states. The region experiences the challenge†¦ The securitization of Asylum Seekers by Australia Orin Troyer Introduction By the conclusion of 2014, in accordance to reports of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) there are approximately 59.5 million displaced people globally as a result of conflict, violence, environmental degradation and human rights violations. Of these, approximately 19.5 million are classified as an asylum seeker or refugee collectively. A refugee is a person who is unable or unwilling to return†¦ Norwegian freighter MV Tampa rescued 438 refugees off a sinking fishing boat named the Palapa (Doherty, 2011). It was an event that ushered Australia into what is now more than a decade of constant failures to meet humanitarian conventions and international laws outlined by the United Nations and ratified by the Australian government. Federal politicians will often exhort to the use of exclusionary, and often divisive language whenever asylum seekers or refugees are discussed, particularly in the public†¦

Answer the questions on the paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Answer the questions on the paper - Essay Example Depreciation 2,500 Acquisition 13,000 Depreciation 2,500       Balance c/d(balance sheet) 20,000    25,000    25,000             Provision for depreciation Details Ant($) Details Ant($)       Motor Van a/c 2,500 Balance c/d 5,000 P & L 2,500    5,000    5,000             Rent Expenses Details Ant($) Details Ant($) Cash a/c 15,000       Prepaid rent 5,000 P & L 20,000    20,000    20,000             Prepaid Rent Account Details Ant($) Details Ant($) Bal. b/d 5,000 Rent expenses 5,000                5,000    5,000                         Rate expenses Account Details Ant($) Details Ant($) Prepaid exp. 300       Cash 975 P & L 1,300    1,300    1,300             Prepaid Rate Account Details Ant($) Details Ant($) Balance e B/F 300 Rate expenses 300 Cash 325 Bal. c/d(balance sheet) 325    625    625             Motor Van Expenses Details Ant($) Details Ant($) Cash 16,200 Bal c/d 16,200    16,200    16,200                         Wages Expense Account Details Ant($) Details Ant($) Cash a/c 36,070       Accrual wage 860 P & L 36,930    36,930    36,930                                     Accrued wages account Details Ant($) Details Ant($) Cash a/c 630 Bal. b/d 630 Bal. c/d(balance sheet) 860 Wages Exp. 860    1,490    1,490             Accounts Payables Details Ant($) Details Ant($) Cash a/c 71,000 Bal. b/d 22,000 Bal. c/d (Bal. ... t Details Ant($) Details Ant($) Cash 690 Balance B/F 620 Suspense a/c 70    690    690                                     Electricity Expense Account Details Ant($) Details Ant($) Cash 1,130 P & L 1,130    1,130    1,130                                                             Operating Expenses Account(delivery Van) Details Ant($) Details Ant($) Cash a/c 16,200 P & L 16,200                         Suspense Account Details Ant($) Details Ant($) Electricity Accrued 70 Bal c/d 70    70    70             Purchases a/c Details Ant($) Details Ant($) Bal. b/d 65,000       Cash 8,000 Sales(Cash) 25,000 Creditor 67,000 Sales(Credit) 89,000       Bal c/d(bal. sheet) 26,000    140,000    140,000 Calculation of depreciation (ANTLE, & GARSTKA, 2004).   T & T Co. COMPREHENSIVE STATEMENT FOR FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE FOR THE YEAR ENDED 31,DECEMBER 2012 $ $ Sale (Cash) 54,000 Sale (Cred it) 179,000 Total Sales Revenue 233,000 Less COG (114,000) Gross Profit 119,000 Operating Expenses Van Running Exp. 16,200.00 Rates 1,300.00 Electricity & Wages 38,060.00 Rent 20,000.00 (75,560) Net Profit before taxation 43,440 Taxation (8,688) Net Profit after taxation 34,752 T & T Co. COMPREHENSIVE STATEMENT FOR FINANCIAL POSITION AS AT 31,DECEMBER 2012 $ $ $ PRESENTED BY: NON CURRENT ASSETS Motor Van: Cost 25,000 : Depreciation (5,000) 20,000 CURRENT ASSETS Inventories 26,000 Trade Receivable 20,600 Prepaid Expenses 325 Cash/Bank 49,730 96,655 LESS CURRENT LIABILITIES Trade payable 18,000 Accrued Expenses 860 (18,860) 77,795 97,795 FINANCED BY: Original Capital 50,000 Profit b/d Add profit for the year Less Drawings 26,900 Unrealized profit 34,752 (20,000) 6,143 97,795 RATION ANALYSIS FOR MAGIC ENTERPRISES PLC Name 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012   Current Ratio               Interest Coverage Ratio      

MKTG Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

MKTG - Essay Example Though humorous, the ad depicts an overweight father who tends to his crying baby, only to find that the baby confuses its father’s chest with its mother’s. The ad contains a strong message however; the execution has been done through a wrong mode which may be demeaning for the target audience. An ethical way would have been to show a person facing health problems or social problems because of being overweight. This is because the ad awkwardly defies the society’s natural gender roles and a lot of overweight individuals may find the ad offensive as well. The customers who are overweight would feel bad about themselves and even the brand will have a tendency to create negative associations as the target audience will not respond positively when they are being made fun of. Bibliography Maecat. â€Å"4 Banned Commercials†. YouTube.com. 6 March, 2007. Web. 2 May 2011. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PRiYkwtBK34&feature=related

The Story of Tom Brennan Essay Example for Free

The Story of Tom Brennan Essay Biggie’s song Juicy was a song where the lyrics depict his journey to fame, he talks about his hardship leading up to celebrity status. These consequences are distinguished through the use of techniques composers have used. The story of Tom Brennan covers the life of Tom who has a brother who in a horrific car accident took the life of two and leaving his cousin in a wheelchair, from here on we see Tom develop and move into the world, but as a result of this there are consequences. In tom’s case the consequences are positive. Tom as part of his journey as he transitions into the world he gains a girlfriend, chrissie. His girlfriend is symbolic of Tom growing up and maturing, before the accident he never would have thought he’d â€Å"get a girl before his brother†, in this case Tom has grown since the accident, grown up and got himself a girlfriend with the use of symbolism we are able to identiy this is part of growing up as he is maturing as part of his transition into the world. Biggie’s song Juicy explores his time from young to where he was up until the time he wrote the song. The first verse explores his time as a kid and his dreams. â€Å"I used to read word up magazine salt’n’pepa and heavy D up in the limousine hanging picture on my wall every Saturday rap attack mr. Magic marley marl†. As a kid he looked up to all these rappers and his dream at young . His dream is symbolic of the start of his transition into the new world. As we hear out the song lyrics come up â€Å"Sold out seats to hear biggie smalls speak† this is the point where he is at, at the time he wrote the song. The lyrics are symbolic of his success. It began with a dream now reality is he is standing in front of sell out crowds. He grows upon the fame. His consequences for moving into the world are expressed throughout the song to all be ‘succesors to the overall achievement J. C Burke uses colloquial language as well as First Person Narration which allows us to better understand the characters. â€Å"that’s the thing I couldn’t quite get my head around – there would be a tomorrow and a day after that and a day after that, the world went on regardless how I feel. At this point we are able to understand his depressive feelings, through the use of colloquial language and first person narrative we are able to get a better understanding of exactly how the character is feeling. As a result of moving into the world for Tom he has to overcome the tragedy, with tragedy comes sadness, this is what Tom is feeling here. Allusion is used within Juicy to help distinguish between the start of the transition into the world and being able to establish the difference between the end. we used to fuss when the landlord dissed us, no heat, no wonder why Christmas missed us, birthdays were the worst days, now we sip champagne when were thirsty†. The allusion from the beginning being the unable to pay rent, not affording heat nor affording birthday or Christmas and reaching the point that champagne is in a lasting supply, Biggie is able to express the change from the beginning of the transition to the end. As part of growing up we understand the pain of missing parts of the year we all enjoy and having to live in the style he had to, this was all a consequence to growing into the world. Tone and repetition of first person pronoun ensure us that in the story of Tom Brennan Daniel is willing to change and transition into a new world himself. â€Å"I’m going to get there I promise. I’m going to make walk out of here one day, and i’ll make it up to you all i swear†. His tone can be expressed as serious and the repetition of I informs us he is taking responsibility. Using the two also allow us to understand Daniel as a character better. From this we can tell, hes determined to make a change, he is strong, and he is willing and accepting. As a consequence of Daniel Moving into the world he has to accept that he has done something wrong which he is accepting here, its part of his consequence to feel the guilt from his actions, but he will manage to get through it if he stands by his word. Biggie smalls uses a prologue as a technique to set the tone of the song. The prologue says â€Å"This album is dedicated to all the teacher that told me i’d never amount to nothin’† he finishes the prologue with â€Å"it’s all good baby baby† here he states his issue then he goes on to forgive what has happened showing he has matured from when he was younger showing that he has begin his transition. His consequence is forgiving the people who put him down, establishing ground amongst the people who told him he was nothing. Despite the differences between the two texts they are still able to compare in a number of ways. Both come from a dark star whereas Tom has to deal with his brother in jail, biggie also had to deal with his good friend in jail, they both mature and we see them both reach success.

Dissociative Identity Disorder Essay -- essays research papers

Dissociative Identity Disorder, as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition (DSM-IV-TR), is â€Å"characterized by the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states that recurrently take control of the individual’s behavior accompanied by an inability to recall important personal information that is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness. It is a disorder characterized by identity fragmentation rather than a proliferation of separate personalities.† To qualify as dissociative identity disorder, also known as D.I.D., at least two personalities must routinely take alternate control of the individual's behavior, and there must be a loss of memory that goes beyond normal forgetfulness. This memory loss is often referred to as "losing time". These symptoms must occur independently of substance abuse or a general medical condition. â€Å"Dissociative identity disorder is a rare diagnosis, although people currently with a diagnosis of psychosis may in fact be experiencing what is associated with the disorder. Because of the rarity of the diagnosis, there is much misunderstanding and ignorance among people and mental health professionals. Special attention is given to the reality of coping with the difficulties that dissociative identity disorder creates.† D.I.D. has been mistaken quite frequently for schizophrenia (also called dementia praecox). Other misdiagnoses include borderline personality disorder, somatization disorder, and panic disorder, and can take 6-7 years, on average, from the first sign to the diagnosis. D.I.D. patients are often frightened by their dissociative experiences and may go to emergency rooms or clinics because they fear they are ... ... an adjunct to psychotherapy and/or medication. These include hydrotherapy, herbal medicine, therapeutic massage, and yoga. Meditation is usually discouraged until the patient's personality has been reintegrated. Treatment of D.I.D. is complex. Patients are often treated under a variety of other psychiatric diagnoses for a long time before being re-diagnosed with D.I.D. Many patients are misdiagnosed as depressed because their primary personality is subdued and withdrawn. The outlook for people with D.I.D. is usually very good, if they stick with the therapy that works for them. Some therapists believe that the prognosis for recovery is excellent for children and good for most adults. Although treatment takes years, it is often ultimately effective. As a general rule, the earlier the patient is diagnosed and properly treated, the better the chances for improvement.

In my military life I have learned about aspects of other cultures Essay

A military career is not only a way to apply one’s potential toward the noble cause of defending people; for me it was also a chance to travel and to expand my knowledge of other cultures and nations. I have a twenty-year military career to look back upon. During this time I was three times deployed to Iraq, once to Bosnia, and visited Japan for six week field exercise. This, in my opinion, is an impressive record of dealing with other cultures due to diversity of these nations and their relative difference from the US. These cultures were indeed very different. One reason may be the fact that they are located at such a distance from each other and my homeland that it seems that during travels you are spanning a huge distance and land in another world. Indeed, the Southern European setting of Bosnia is very different from Iraqi deserts and the cluttered Japanese landscape. Most of all, however, I was impressed with differences in lifestyles, attitudes and different aspects of culture that I had to deal with. I realized quite often how individualistic our culture really is, with every person defending one’s own point of view, without fear that others may disagree. In Japan, for instance, I often saw that people are not willing to impose their individual ideas. Instead, they are more willing to draw on the ideas and perceptions of the group they belong to. In fact, they always seem to have this feeling of a group in the background that stands ready to support them, a quality that even made me envious of them at times. I think it is very useful for a person to see how people in different cultures perceive individualism, or â€Å"the importance of the individual as compared with collective goals and efforts† (Couto, Cabral 2004). At the same time, I found it frustrating at times how the Japanese tend to treat Westerners as outsiders. As one gets to know them more closely, one learns that their society, too, is composed of â€Å"many groups and sub-groups — and not always in perfect harmony and cooperation as it may look on the surface† (â€Å"Culture Schock 101†). One learns that there is often a division of ‘them† and â€Å"us† between the Japanese and the arrivals, so that one can spend a lot of time there without getting close to the natives. I think there is no reason to get frustrated about it just as there is little reason to be frustrated about people being different from us altogether. Acceptance helps good relations and can often overcome differences since ultimately it is not similarity, but mutual sympathy and liking that matters in human interaction. Quite a few times, I had misunderstandings with our Japanese counterparts, like, for instance, invitations to dinner that people in Japan do not really intend to make. I several times fell for these invitations only to find out later that they meant simply an invitation to good cooperation. It took me a while to realize that people make these invitations to promote the general air of harmony in relationships. I later found out how important harmony is to the Japanese and began to avoid actions that could disrupt it. When we were in Iraq, this was surely different from Japan, partly because of the political aspects, and partly because Arab culture and in particular Iraqi culture is so different. I think my first surprise was the food that proved to be something in my taste, so that I learned a couple of recipes and brought them back to the US. Then another thing that captured my eye was all the material culture they had, like ancient artefacts and modern things that are so elaborate, elegant and at the same time bright and eye-catching. Then one more thing that soon becomes obvious is the importance of religion to the Iraqi people who think in Islamic terms about their daily happenings so that their whole philosophy is inextricably linked to their religion and its doctrine. In the US it often feels as if people leave their faith behind the doors of the church when they leave the Sunday service, but in Iraq they are committed to thinking about faith on a daily basis. It is like a glass through which they see the world, thinking about it in terms of what Islam wants them to do. I think a great part of learning about other cultures and their peculiar traits is that you get a more complete picture of your own background, putting it in context. Things that seemed natural and obvious begin to look different because now you have a chance to assess them from a different viewpoint. I recently came upon the article that talks about US culture as promoting â€Å"the behavior of women like drunken, sexually aroused yobs as a way for them to â€Å"be one of the guys†, a way for them to be funny and â€Å"with it† and cool† (Faisal 2003). Without having been there, I would probably feel hurt by this description. Now, in contrast, knowing the way of life people live over there I can understand how our world might look to them. Indeed, it is often hard to bridge the gap between cultures, but with a bit of common sense a person can make it, once one realizes that many values are vastly different across the globe. As for Bosnia, I was pleased to find out that in this relatively poor area people are so hospitable and sociable. I think that Bosnia, too, has a collectivist culture, but it is one that is relatively easy for foreigners to penetrate. I enjoyed seeing the neighborhood networks that are so well-developed in their culture and how people get together in locales called kafane and kafici. I also had time to realize that it is not in fact a homogeneous culture but one that includes great diversity, including divisions between Muslims and Christians. I believe that my background allows me to realize many cultural issues that would otherwise have escaped my attention. Dealing with individuals coming from other cultures on a daily basis allows insights into deep-seated cultural values and assumptions. At the same time, presence in the country acquainted me with material aspects of other cultures. For someone new in the culture, even ordering dishes in a local cafe can be a problem since one does not know what to choose. However, as one gets hold on daily happenings, one is ready for realization of more complex things. Bibliography Couto, Joao Pedro, & Vieira, Jose Cabral. â€Å"National Culture and Research and Development Activities. † Multinational Business Review (Spring 2004). 26 Nov. 05 . â€Å"Culture Shock 101. Japanese Culture — A Primer For Newcomers. † 26 Nov. 05 . Faisal, Amr Al. Raunchy Sexy Things. 2003. 26 Nov. 05 .

How did Lenin add to Marxism up to 1905, and with what consequences? Essay

Karl Marx was a German philosopher who wrote the Communist Manifesto, which encouraged workers to unite and seize power by revolution. His views became known as Marxism and influenced the thinking of socialists throughout Europe in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Marx believed that history was evolving in a series of stages towards a perfect state – Communism. These stages started with Feudalism – with the aristocrats controlling politics. Next would come Capitalism – with the bourgeoisie in control of politics. Finally the â€Å"perfect state† would arrive Communism – with the proletariat in control of politics. Marx believed that a Communist state would come about in countries such as Russia that were still feudal or did not have fully developed capitalist societies. He urged the proletariat to join the capitalists in revolting against the aristocrats and complete a capitalist revolution and then continue until the proletarian revolution occurred leading to a communist state. Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov, also known as Lenin, was born in 1870 in Simvrisk, Russia. Lenin had a turbulent start to his life. At the age of 17 Lenin had to deal with the fact that his brother Alexander Ulyanov was hung for plotting to assassinate Tsar Alexander III. He then studied at the University of Kazan, where he converted to Marxism, but was expelled for revolutionary activities. Then in 1895 Lenin was exiled to Siberia for distributing revolutionary pamphlets. During his exile, the Russian Social Democratic Workers Party (RSDWP) was formed in Minsk in 1898. After Lenin’s return from exile in 1900, he founded a newspaper, Iskra, with Julius Tsederbaum, also known as Martov. The idea of the paper was to establish it as the leading underground revolutionary paper that would push forward the revolutionary movement. In 1902 he published a pamphlet called † What is to be done?† This pamphlet contained his radical ideas towards the nature of a revolutionary party. In this pamphlet, there were three main points that Lenin made in relation to the role of a revolutionary party. â€Å"An organisation of revolutionaries must contain primarily and chiefly people whose occupation is revolutionary activity†¦ This organisation must necessarily be not very broad, and as secret as possible.† This idea was stating that he wanted the party to consist of activists. He wanted people to go out and do something for the party rather than sit around and do nothing to help the cause of the party. This idea was later to contribute towards the split of the RSDWP. Lenin also stated; â€Å"The one serious organisational principle for workers in our movement must be the strictest secrecy, strictest choice of members, training of professional revolutionaries.† Lenin wanted the party to be professional and didn’t want the country to know that there was a revolutionary party being constructed that was to revolt against the current government. The third major point that Lenin made in his pamphlet was; â€Å"We must break completely with the tradition of a purely workers or trade union type of social democratic organisation down to factory groups inclusive. The factory groups or committee †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ must consist of a very small number of revolutionaries, receiving direct from the committee, orders and powers to conduct the whole social democratic party work in the factory.† This statement showed that Lenin wanted to create a dictatorial party that was to take orders from the top and no one else. He wanted to control the party and maintain it as a fully organised and prepared revolutionary organisation. In these three statements Lenin has already added to Marxism. Marx did not state what the role of the communist party would be. But here Lenin has said what he wants the party to do and how he wants it to be controlled. Marx also did not comment on how the party would operate and how it would gain power. Here in his pamphlet Lenin has shown that he wants a dictatorial party that will be run from the top and that they will take power with a highly organised and secret movement. Karl Marx never stated how and when revolution would take place. Lenin though did mention this. He made three changes to Marx’s theory. 1. Revolution would be accomplished by a small group of highly professional dedicated revolutionaries. They were needed to develop the revolutionary consciousness of workers and focus their attentions. 2. Lenin believed that the revolution would occur during a period of conflict between capitalist powers. He accepted Trotsky’s idea that a revolution would start in an underdeveloped country just like Russia where the struggle and conflict between proletariat and bourgeoisie was very great. This was known as the â€Å"weakest link† theory. 3. He did not think that the middle classes of Russia were strong enough to carry out a revolution. He believed that the working class could develop a revolutionary government of its own alliance with poor peasants who had a history of mass action in Russia. These changes show how Lenin believed in Marxism but added parts that Marx failed to mention in his theory. And so extended Marxism with his own ideas, Leninism. In 1903 the RSDWP held it’s second congress eventually in London, after the initial location Brussels was changed due to fear of persecution. In this congress four main issues were discussed. The first was the adoption of Iskra, Lenin and Martov’s revolutionary newspaper, as the party organ. The second issue discussed was probably the most important of the congress. The issue was that of membership. Lenin’s proposal was: â€Å"A member of the party is one who accepts its programmes and supports it, both materially and by personal participation in one of its organisations.† Lenin wanted party members that were active and actually went out and personally participated in events that would benefit the party. Whereas Martov believed that members should be: â€Å"A member of the RSDWP is one who accepts its programme and supports it both materially and by regular co-operation under the leadership of one of its organisations† Martov believed that party members should be passive and of large quantities similar to that of governments of nowadays. He wanted members to just accept the party’s programme and support in what they do. He didn’t state that he wanted active members like Lenin. George Plekhanov was the chairman of the congress as was the only main figure to agree with Lenin, all of the others on the Iskra editorial board came down on the side of Martov, as did Trotsky. Lenin’s proposal was rejected 28 to 23 and Martov’s proposal was accepted 28 to 22. The third issue of the Congress that was discussed was that of overseas organisations. It was decided that only the League of Revolutionary Social Democracy should be recognised and therefore the Union of Russian Social Democrats Abroad was disfranchised. This action caused the resignation of seven members of congress, all of them being Martov supporters, and sop now allowing supporters of Lenin to be in the majority. The fourth and final major point of the congress was that of Lenin’s proposal to reduce the members of the Iskra editorial board from six to three, and that the new party central committee have only three members. This was accepted and Lenin, Martov and Plekhanov were elected. But it became clear that Martov was in a minority and so rejected the offer and his supporters had nothing more to do with the elections. At this split Lenin’s supporters were dubbed the Bolshevik’s, majority, and Martov’s the Menshevik’s, minority. This congress shows how Lenin was adding to Marxism as he was trying to give the RSDWP some identity and an insight has to how he wanted it to be run. This was an addition to Marx, as he never mentioned how the party would be run and what the role of it would be. But these actions taken by Lenin have large consequences. His ideas clashed with that of Martov and so caused the split of the RSDWP. Another major consequence of Lenin’s abrasive personality and wish to have the RSDWP run his way was that this split of the party was non reconcilable. Plekhanov tried to create reconciliation between the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks and co-opted Mensheviks onto the now Bolshevik run Iskra board. But Lenin was having none of this. He resigned leaving Iskra to become a Menshevik organ and organised the Bolsheviks as a separate faction. Trotsky who was part of Martov’s Mensheviks wrote â€Å"Our political tasks† in 1904. â€Å"The party is replaced by the organisation of the party, the organisation by the control committee, and finally the control committee by the dictator.† Trotsky is commenting on the consequence of Lenin’s organisation of the party. He believes that Lenin’s concept of a revolutionary party would inevitably lead to dictatorship. In conclusion Lenin’s main addition to Marxism was to give the details about the role of the party, the membership of the party and the ultimate aim of the party, that Marx did not give when he began his theory of Marxism. But Lenin’s additions did not come without significant consequences that would affect the future of Russian politics.

Property Notes Essays

Property Notes Essays Property Notes Essay Property Notes Essay TORRENS TITLE * System of title by registration rather than registration by title (Breskvar v Wall (1971) 126 CLR 376. * Indefeasibility- The registered proprietor holds the title free of all unregistered interests. S42 Real Property Act 1900 (NSW). * Registration of a void instrument confers immediate indefeasibility in the absence of fraud (Frazer v Walker [1967]] 1 AC 569. * Sir Garfield Barwick sitting on the Privy Council in Frazer v Walker described it as: â€Å"a convenient description of the immunity from attack by adverse claim to the land or interest in respect of which he is registered, which a registered proprietor enjoys† EXCEPTIONS TO INDEFEASABILITY * FRAUD- in the case of fraud a proprietor can be removed from the register. Fraud is not notice, it is dishonesty or moral turpitude (Assets v Mere Roihi [1905] AC 176 â€Å"Fraud must be brought home to the person whose registered interest in sought to be impeached, or to his or her agents acting within their authority. † Fraud must take place before registration. Anything that takes place after is subject to an in personam claim. EXPRESS EXCEPTIONS- Leases- s42(1)(d) RPA- less than 3 years * Easements- s 42(1)(a1) * IN PERSONAM- The registered proprietor is subject to unregistered interests that they have created, such as contracts, trusts and estoppel. (Barry v Heider (1914) 19 CLR 197 Bahr v Nicolay (1988) 164 CLR 603 * In 1979 the Bahrs obtained a licence of Crown Land in Western Australia. On the building of commercial premises the Bahr’s could transform the licence into a Crown Grant and so become the proprietors of the property. Th e Bahr’s sold to Nicolay. Nicolay was resell the property to them at the end of the 3 years. * During the 3 year term Nicolay sold the property to the Thompson’s. * The contract between Nicolay and the Thompsons contained an acknowledgment of the agreement between Nicolay and the Bahr’s (Clause 4 of the contract. * After the Thompsons’s became registered as proprietors they commenced negotiations for the resale of the property in accordance with their agreement with Nicolay but later refused to transfer the property. The Thompson’s argued that they had mere notice of the Bahr’s interest and so were not obliged to resell and were not guilty of statutory fraud. * Mason and Dawson JJ. Fraud, a â€Å"dishonest repudiation of a prior interest which the registered proprietor has acknowledged or agreed to recognize as the basis for obtaining title. * Wilson and Toohey JJ. No statutory fraud – in any case it occurred after registration. Cond uct does give rise to a constructive trust. * Brennan J collateral contract and constructive trust. The Torrens Assurance Fund * Section 129 of the RPA gives a remedy to a person for loss or damage against the Torrens Assurance Fund in respect of an interest in land, suffered as a result of the operation of the RPA, where the loss or damage arise from: * the registration of some other person as proprietor of the land or an interest in the land (s 129(1) (b));    * the person having been deprived of the land or an interest in the land through fraud (s129(1)(e)). VOLUNTEERS King v Smail [1958] VR 273- doctrine of indefeasibility only protects bona fide purchasers. Volunteers not covered. Bogdanovic v Koteff (1988) 12 NSWLR 472 – NSW volunteers covered Mrs B looked after Mr K on the basis of a promise that she would be given an interest in the house which would allow her to stay for life. Son inherited house. Breskvar v Wall applied no distinction is made between volunteers and purchasers hence indefeasibility is given to the son SHORT TERM LEASES Under 42(1)(d) of the Real Property Act, a registered interest is subject to a short-term lease if: * The term of the lease is less than 3 years including any options, * The tenant is in possession or entitled to immediate possession, * The registered proprietor before he or she became registered as proprietor had notice against which he or she was not protected: OVERRIDING STATUTES Pratten v Warringah Shire Council (1969) 90 WN (NSW) (Pt 1) 134, Barry v Heider (1914) 19 CLR 197 Barry was the registered proprietor of Torrens land. He had signed a document of transfer under which he agreed to transfer his interest in the land to Schmidt for consideration of ? 1,200. * The transfer stated that this had been paid, but Barry’s evidence was that he had received nothing. He claimed that he thought he was signing a contract, not a transfer and that the agreed sale price was ? 4,000. * Evidence was brought that the witness to Barry’s signature, a solicitor named Peterson, was n ot present when Barry signed. The Certificate of Title not given to Schmidt because the land had been subdivided and a new CT was to be issued nor had the documents been registered because they were waiting on the final subdivision. Barry signed a letter authorising the RG to deliver the new CT to Schmidt when it issued. * Using the letter and signed Transfer as evidence of his title to the land Schmidt created mortgages over the property to Heider and Gale. PRIORITY DISPUTES Registered v Registered Under s 36(9) priority between registered interests is determined by the order of registration, not by the date of execution. Order of registration is determined by the order of lodgment in â€Å"registrable form:† 36 (5) * â€Å"nemo dat quo non habet† Registered v Unregistered * Although equitable interests are recognized under Torrens title they are somewhat fragile in a priority dispute. They may be extinguished by registered interests unless they have been protected by the lodgment of a caveat, or they exist as an exception to indefeasibility. Unregistered v Unregistered * Since unregistered interests are generally thought to be in the nature of equitable interests priority is generally determined by the application of the principles used in deciding priority disputes between competing equitable interests over old system land. It involves the search for the best equity (Rice v Rice). THREE STEP PROCESS * Look at the conduct of the holder of the first interest and decide whether they have done anything that should result in their interest being postponed. The major thing to look for is conduct that may mislead the later comer into thinking that there is no earlier interest in existence; * If the holder of the first interest has committed some act or omission that has had this effect then look at the conduct of the second holder. First look to see if they have notice of the earlier interests. If they do they cannot take priority. If they don’t then you need to see who has the better equity by weighing up the conduct of both. * If the equities are equal first in time will prevail. POSTPONING CONDUCT * not taking care of documents creating the right * taking too long to bring an action to protect a right * not speaking up to give notice of your claim of an interest * Making misleading statements * Otherwise misleading the second comer into thinking that you no longer have an interest MERE EQUITY * Latec Investments Ltd v Hotel Terrigal Pty Ltd (in liquidation) 113 CLR 265 THE RULE IN WALSH V LONSDALE * â€Å"Equity regards as done that which ought to be done† RULE IN LYSAGHT V EDWARDS The general principle of this rule is that in the absence of express agreement between the vendor and purchaser the vendor becomes a trustee of the property for the purchaser once there is a valid and binding contract between the parties. * This is known as the ‘doctrine of conversion’. The rule in Hunt v Luck [1902] 1 Ch â€Å".. possession of the tenant is notice that he has some interest in the land, and that a purchaser having notice of that fact is bound, according to the ordinary rule, either to enquire what the interest is, or to give effect to it, whatever it may be. † CONSTRUCTIVE NOTICE * S 164 Conveyancing Act 1919 NSW The kind of enquiries that a purchaser ought reasonably to make depend on current good practices. This means that a purchaser should at least undertake 2 types of enquiries: * The purchaser has a duty to physically inspect the land (Barnhart v Greenshields, Hunt v Luck), and, * The purchaser should search the documents of title and the register. CAVEATS S74F RPA- Lodgment of caveats against dealings, possessory applications, plans and applications for cancellation of easements or extinguishment of restrictive covenants. A caveat may be lodged: * Where a person claims to be entitled to a legal or equitable estate or interest in the land; * Where the registered proprietor has lost the certificate of title and fears an improper dealing with the land; * To prevent the granting of a possessory application;. * To prevent the improper exercise by a mortgagee of a power of sale; * By the Registrar-General to protect interest of a person under a legal disability or on behalf of the Queen Rule in Person-to-Person Finances Pty Ltd v Sharari [1984] 1 NSWLR 745 [I]t s the settled practice of competent solicitors acting for second or subsequent mortgagees, to ensure either the prompt registration of the mortgage or lodgement of a caveat ACTION| LEGAL EFFECT – TORRENS TITLE| Negotiation| None unless doctrines such as estoppel apply| Exchange of Contracts| Purchaser receives equitable interest providing contract is enforceable Lysaght v Edwards (1876)| Settlement (completion) and payment of Consideration| P urchaser receives approved form of transfer. Until registration interest is still equitable but may be deemed legal if s43A applies such as â€Å"registered proprietor† or â€Å"held under the Real Property Act 1900 NSW† to establish that the land is Torrens title. 2. Ascertain the status of the interests. Which are registered and which remain unregistered (these, at best, will be equitable BUT an unregistered interest is not always equitable). Remember that a registered interest will generally defeat an unregistered interest. 3. Determine whether the registered interests are susceptible to any of the exceptions to indefeasibility? Make a list of all that might be relevant and have definitions of them available: * fraud (dishonesty, trickery, scheming) * in personam (dishonesty, unconscionability, binding contracts, constructive trust etc) ****REMEMBER, ONLY THE CONDUCT OF THE REGISTERED PROPRIETOR IS RELEVANT FOR THESE EXCEPTIONS*****   * short term leases (s 42(1)(d), * overriding statutes etc. 4. Are there any equitable / unregistered interests? There are a variety of ways in which these can be created: * by writing in accordance with sec 23C and 54A Conveyancing Act; * where a previously registered interest has been wrongfully removed from the register, eg through fraud or the im proper exercise of a mortgagee power of sale; * through the application of the law of part performance; * by the application of the doctrine of estoppel; by the application of the doctrine of constructive trusts. 5. Can the holders of the equitable interests use s 43A Real Property Act. This will deem their interest to be legal. 6. Apply the priority rules. In descending order of importance the interests are: * registered * unregistered but falling within sec 43A * unregistered (equitable) with the better equity, or, where the equities are equal, the interest created first in time. * unregistered (equitable). * mere equities CO-OWNERSHIP Two main types of co-ownership -Joint tenancy -Tenancy in common JOINT TENANCY Each joint tenant is â€Å"wholly entitled to the whole† as a ‘collective unity’ or a ‘composite person’. 4 Unities * Unity of Possession * Unity of Interest * Unity of Title * Unity of Time UNITY OF POSSESSION * The land is not physically divided. * Each tenant holds a physically undivided share of the land. * Each co-owner is entitled to possession of the whole of the land. This is called ‘unity of possession’ and it applies irrespective of the shares in which the property is held (eg one tenant holding ? and the other holding ? ). UNITY OF INTEREST * This follows from the proposition that each joint tenant is ‘wholly entitled to the whole’. The interest held by each joint tenant is necessarily the same in extent nature and duration. UNITY OF TITLE * This means that each joint tenant must derive his or her title from the same document (transfer or deed) or act (adverse possession). * A joint tenant can dispose of their share (notionally) of the land but only during their lifetime UNITY OF TIME * This requires that the interests of all joint tenants vest at the same time. A transfer of land to A B when they reach 18 years of age, will create a tenancy in common since there is no unity of time The Right of Survivorship * The other distinction feature of joint tenancies is the right of survivorship or the jus accrescendi * The essence of this principle is that when one joint tenant dies the whole of his or her interest automatically passes to the surviving joint tenants until only one is left. * This is unaffected by any contrary provision in a will. Wright v Gibbons (1949) 78 CLR 313 The Principle Of Forfeiture Rasmanis v Jurewitsch (1969) 70 SR NSW- Man kills wife†¦ will not receive her share of the tenancy. CONVEYANCING ACT 1919 SECT 35 – If both die at same time it will be presumed that the younger survives the older. * Hickman v Peacey [1945] AC 304. joint tenancy can be severed in 6 ways: 1. By a unilateral act by a joint tenant acting on his or her own share; 2. By a mutual agreement between the joint tenants; 3. By a course of dealing between the joint tenants; 4. By court order, most commonly under the Family Law Act; 5. In cases of unlawful killing; . On the bankruptcy of one joint tenant an involuntary severance will occur. S97 RPA- sever by transfer TENANCY IN COMMON There are 2 major differences between a tenancy in common and a joint tenancy: * There is no right of survivorship between tenants in common, and * Only unity of possession is required * There are 2 ways in which a tenancy in common will come to an end. These are: * When all the tenants in common transfe r their interest to one of the tenants; * Where the land is sold or partitioned under s 66G Conveyancing Act. Equity always preferred the tenancy in common because it represented certainty and fairness. * The parties would be treated in equity as if they were tenants in common in 3 situations: * Where co-owners contributed different amounts to the purchase price * Where co-owners advance money on mortgage; * In the case of partnership assets. IF EQUAL CONTRIBUTION THE LAW PRESUMES A JOINT TENANCY PARTITION AND SALE OF LAND In special circumstances court can order Under Div 6 Part 4 Conveyancing Act (sections 66F – 66I)

ISMG 3000 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

ISMG 3000 - Assignment Example In this way, both parents and children will be in the cafe but separate lodges. With customer ethics, the client is not ethical. He seems to be rude in airing his grievances. He has not given the reasons why children should not be allowed into the cafe and does not provide any solution either. To encourage a communication that is open, I will make use of the business email. This method will enable me to respond to customers complaint without others seeing my response hence I will have an opportunity to handle all their grievances (Ammar, Sedigh-Ali and Ghafoor 40). An email will enable privacy. The above imply that e-commerce is an essential element that I need in my business. I will employ business to customer e -business model. The above entail transaction between a company and the customer on-line (Sri and Srinivasan 9). It will be used to sell cakes. Customer searching and marketing takes place on-line. After full ordering, shipment of the cakes to the clients destination will follow. The e -business strategy will facilitate quick and easy communication with the customers. It will also strengthen market capabilities and increase the operation hours of the enterprise (Sri and Srinivasan 10). The management will have access to broader information through research thus expediting customer service. The strategy will also reduce the location and availability restrictions thus reaching new markets. In a nutshell, it will keep the business relevant. It will also enable be to track various business metrics. The metrics that I will track in my business website include product comparison to see what is outside there. I will also monitor the users segments and customer satisfaction (Sri and Srinivasan 19). Additionally, shopping cart removes and sales funnel will be tracked. To partner with suppliers, I will employ the customer -business strategy. I will create a link of communication and payment system. The link will enable

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Okapi - Term Paper Example My skin is also oily to make the rain water drain off and keep me dry on a rainy season. I do resemble my relative the Giraffe except for the fact that I have a relatively shorter neck than the giraffe but it is long enough to enable me reach leaves that are high in trees and also helps me defend myself and also my territory and my head is also relatively lighter with a black muzzle supported by a thick neck. I have a very long (approximately 35 centimeters) flexible blue tongue that I use to stripe buds and leaves from trees. It is also long enough for me to wash my eyes and clean my ears inside out. I am a herbivore. The amazing thing about me is that I can eat a variety of plants that other animals and even human consider poisonous! Such as fungi and other plant materials. My main predator is the leopard. My ankles are white with dark spots on each of my hoofs and a thick skin that helps protect my legs from injury. Although I do travel by myself within my home range, I do have wa ys of communicating with the others whose ranges overlap mine; this is through a scent gland on either of my foot that leaves behind a sticky tar-like substance wherever I walk thus marking my territory. MY young ones are adapted in such a way that they defecate between four and eight weeks of age, this adaptation helps my young ones grow and gain strength before predators sniff them out. My sharp sense of smell helps me locate breeding partners. The minerals that my body needs I normally obtain them from eating the clay from along the river banks. My male counterpart has horns which are short and skin covered so that he won’t get tangled in the forest branches. I normally travel miles in search of food and I can consume 40 to 65 pounds of food. I do give birth to one calf and my gestation period can last up to a period of 16 months and am very protective of my young ones which are weaned at around 6months but may continue suckling for more than a year. My young ones have sho rt fringe hair along the spine at birth which disappears when it is one year old. The main threat to my existence is habitat loss due to deforestation. The leopard also threatens my existence because it positions itself from above the ground and hence able to survey the surrounding area for potential prey and also is able to ambush it from above, these threats makes me to be classified as an animal that is under that is threatened with extinction. The human hunters are also a threat since they hunt me for game meat and for my thick hide but the efforts that have been in place by the government of Zaire to seclude the area from hunting activities has done great in protecting me from human infringement. The other interesting thing about me is that I only vocalize when I am ready to breed and with my solitary lifestyle I don’t normally associate with other animals except with my calf that is when I have one. The fact that I inhabit a secluded section of the mountain forest means that I surprisingly have very few predators particularly in comparison other animals. Since I am a ruminant I do swallow food without chewing and then chew the curd afterwards. My shy and secluded nature is an adaptation since it helps me hide myself from the human hunters. The human efforts to have some of my family members captured and put in captivity is a measure aimed at ensuring that our population is protected from extinction and that our

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How the organization communicates with prospective and current customers - Case Study Example The use of digital media made Coca Cola to deviate from the traditional strategies that would promote the product such as developing new products or extending the existing brands. Marketing is an important aspect of creating a strong brand while helping to reach out to the existing and potential customers. Every marketing strategy faces three uncertainties that are supposed to be weighed before engaging; the fear of failure, the return on investment and the fear of the unknown. Investing resources in the digital media for marketing brings forth all these uncertainties. However, these uncertainties can be assumed based on the advantages that come with the digital media. First, learning from failure can help device workable strategies in the digital space. Second, the digital media exhibits a very rapid growth while the marketers get to understand it better day by day. Finally, digital media is less expensive, therefore, learning from it especially on optimizing the return on investment is worthy. Coca Cola opted to ‘go digital’, and take advantage of the huge online traffic. This was done through a simple social concept that encouraged customers to exhibit brand loyalty while encouraging others to join the wagon. In the summer of 2011, they devised the ‘Share a Coke Campaign’ (Coca Cola, 2013). It began with the customers creating a can for a special friend and then finding their names and having a coke bottle bearing the name to developing customized coke bottles with people’s names. This campaign has gone global and it is still in progress after it demonstrated that it can facilitate the strengthening of the brand as well as increment in the sales volume. The campaign was focused on increasing the consumption of Coke during the summer of 2011 while bringing an appeal on the strength of the brand. Despite Coca Cola being known as a strong brand, they needed to

Will the Starbucks maintain its market leadership over Mc Cafe Essay

Will the Starbucks maintain its market leadership over Mc Cafe - Essay Example Now the primary question which is raised here is; â€Å"Who is the leader and will be in future as well?† Another well established and well reputed brand is Mc Cafe which is the creation of repute firm McDonalds. Following is an extensive analysis to deduce which of the two firms will remain the undisputed giant in the years to come. History of Starbucks In the time when world around us is extremely fast paced and competition in the market has squeezed every firm in the industry and where only survival of the fittest is possible, a giant market leader in the coffeehouse industry pops up in head, Starbucks Corporation. Starbucks was founded by three partners Jerry Baldwin, Zev Siegl and Gordon Bowker in 1971 in Seattle, Washington. Starbucks is by far the largest coffeehouse company in the world and it is still expanding at a rapid pace (Spanogle et. al. 2007). Starbucks went international in1990 for the first time when they inaugurated a store in mid 1990s the time during whic h the firm was opening a new store every single day and this speed of expansion that carried on into 2000s and now approximately around one third outlets of Starbucks corporation are overseas. Starbucks had expanded up to one sixty five outlets in 1992 at the time of its initial public offering (Abrams, 2003). Over view of Starbucks: Starbucks sells a wide range of coffee and other beverage products in order to provide a delightful experience to its customers. Its products mainly include  drip brewed coffee,  espresso -based hot drinks and coffee beans. Starbucks has restricted itself to coffee products but it also produces salads, hot and cold sandwiches, Panini, pastries and snacks which provide the consumers with what the company calls a â€Å"distinctive Starbucks experience†. The success and growth of Starbucks Corporation can be attributed to a person who saw the potential and opportunity in the product when no one else did: Howard Schultz. This aspiring entrepreneu r was appointed as the marketing head in 1982 and upon his return to United States from Italy, he realized the opportunity that could materialize into the repute that Starbucks today has. The following words are attributed to him: â€Å"Lets create a community gathering places like the great coffee house of the Italy in United States†. Although his idea was not highly appreciated by the top management at Starbucks, nonetheless they did allow him to experiment this new idea at one of their retail stores (ABA, 1997). Moreover, the new idea proved to be a huge success and that’s when Schultz started another company with the name of ll giornale. In 1987, Schultz convinced a group of local investors to buy Starbucks when its original owners decided to sell their coffee business along with the name. Schultz incorporated Gionrale outlets with Starbucks and finally started with the conversion of six shops into graceful and

Marketing plan and strategic options of Whitbread

Marketing plan and strategic options of Whitbread Introduction Strategic planning is the core of the work of an organisation. Without a strategic framework you dont know where you are going or why you are going there. So, then, it doesnt really matter how you get there! A strategy is an overall approach and plan. So, strategic planning is the overall planning that facilitates the good management of a process. Strategic planning takes you outside the day-to- day activities of your organisation or project. It provides you with the big picture of what you are doing and where you are going. Strategic planning gives you clarity about what you actually want to achieve and how to go about achieving it, rather than a plan of action for day-to-day operations This is all that we are going to learn from this. Task 1 About Whitbread Whitbread PLC is the UKs largest hotel and Restaurant Company operating market-leading businesses in the budget hotels and restaurant sectors. Its brands include Premier Inn, Beefeater, Table Table, Brewers Fayre, Taybarns and Costa Coffee. Whitbread PLC employs 35,000 people and serves 9 million customers every month in its 2,000 outlets across the UK. Whitbread PLC is a FTSE 100 company, listed on the London Stock Exchange. It is also a member of the FTSE4Good Index External Factors affecting Whitbread Whitbread is a family of brands, all of which are in the business of providing hospitality in one shape or form. The major external factors affecting the Whitbread are as below: Globalization: The main reason globalization affects hotel industry is through economy and transportation. Economically countries depend on one another; if one countries economy recesses it can in turn make many other countries economies suffer. Therefore there will be less money spent on luxury activities in both countries. Another affect of globalization on Whitbread is the many different cultures represented in cities and communities across the UK. These different cultures bring different food and recreational activities to their communities Economic conditions: In economic recession people lose jobs or tend to save their money because they do not know when things are going to get better. When people curtail spending due to an economic recession, the first thing they stop spending money on is luxury items. These items include: going out to eat at restaurants, going on trips, and basic recreation. These three activities are part of Whitbread Company; therefore, the Whitbread is one of the first industries to get hurt when the economy recesses. In economic expansion people have more money and tend to spend more money on things like vacations, going to eat at restaurants, and recreation. Political conditions: Political power can be defined as the ability to persuade lawmakers, society, or regulators to take steps that influence a firms actions or performance. For example, a politically strong customer group might influence government to enact legislation to protect its rights, or a politically strong media participant may be able to influence people to avoid certain restaurants or hotels. Weather: Weather has a major affect on hotel industry, for example a tropical resort may lose customers when it rains or is really windy, so these resorts might have a policy that states if you leave early because of weather there will be no refunded money. An example of weather affecting Whitbread is snow. This year the winter is already started with a big chill across the UK and people really dont wish to go out is such a frosty and snowy weather as there are more chances of having difficulties and injuries by slipping. Analysis of Major changes in external environment The major changes that are happening in the external environment that are going to affect the strategy are as below: Change of economic conditions: As we all know that the economy is still going down despite of the various possible alternatives tried by the UK government. There is no relief from the job redundancy and inflation which is going up every day. This is definitely having an effect on the pocket of the normal man and thus the strategy of handing a business will surely change. Political Factors: We just had a new government and is trying to bring in lot many changes in various policies like visa policy, taxes and many more. These changes will definitely bring change in the number of people visiting UK for holidays etc. And this will have a major impact on the hotel industry. Environmental factors: The environment is changing day by day with a high speed and the organizations have to change their strategy of work accordingly. Whitbread like all other organizations has to go with an environmental and energy policy that should make sure that the environment is protected and the energy is saved. Needs and Expectations of stakeholders People including employees, customers, share holders are all the stakeholders in the organization. A key part is to understand the needs and demands of the stakeholders. The stakeholders of the Whitbread have some expectations and demands from the organization and they are described as below: Focusing investment Growth in expanding sectors Outstanding performance Good quality Service Efficient Management Value for money Excellent logistics Reliability Security Task 2 Tools to analyse current business plan SWOT Analysis: In the world of business, conducting a SWOT analysis can be a useful tool when trying to assess the companys current situation as well as the surrounding marketplace. The results of a SWOT analysis often are used by companies to plan future strategies and make internal changes that are deemed necessary. Its a project or business planning tool used by companies to evaluate the feasibility of the business venture or project against competition and against external business conditions beyond their control Strengths and weaknesses of Whitbread business strategy Strengths Big Chain of Hospitality industry Globally diverse Tourists visiting UK Demand supply gap of rooms due to Olympics in 2012 Cultural Diversity Increase in Market Share Eco friendly Good Together Programme Brand Name Weaknesses Susceptible to Political Conditions Position of Whitbread in Market Marketplace covers a wide range of consumer and business issues. For Whitbread, the key areas include healthier lifestyles, food safety, environment, sustainability, outlet accessibility for all customers, listening to their customers needs and developing mutually beneficial relationships with suppliers and contractors. Whitbread are extremely proud of the high operational standards they set, but they are never complacent and are always looking for new ways to improve their business offer. Recent successes include: Big Tick Award for its Skills for Life Programme Bronze Award in Business in the Communitys 7th Corporate Responsibility Index Hotel Report Awards 2009 Alan Parker Named Individual of the Year PubChef Food Excellence Awards, Food Operator of the Year (branded) Top 20 Most Admired Companies 2008 [Whitbread, Dec 2010] Task 3 Modelling Tool to develop strategic options SWOT or TOWS analysis helps you get a better understanding of the strategic choices that you face. (Remember that strategy is the art of determining how youll win in business and life.) It helps you ask, and answer, the following questions: How do you: Make the most of your strengths? Circumvent your weaknesses? Capitalize on your opportunities? Manage your threats? A next step of analysis, usually associated with the externally-focused TOWS Matrix, helps you think about the options that you could pursue. To do this you match external opportunities and threats with your internal strengths and weaknesses, as illustrated in the matrix below: This helps you identify strategic alternatives that address the following additional questions: Strengths and Opportunities (SO) How can you use your strengths to take advantage of the opportunities? Strengths and Threats (ST) How can you take advantage of your strengths to avoid real and potential threats? Weaknesses and Opportunities (WO) How can you use your opportunities to overcome the weaknesses you are experiencing? Weaknesses and Threats (WT) How can you minimize your weaknesses and avoid threats? The options you identify are your strategic alternatives, and these can be listed in the appropriate quadrant of the TOWS worksheet. [Mind tools, Dec 2010] Understanding of activity in Market Whitbread Group, the UKs largest hospitality firm, is undergoing an IT-enabled transformation program to drive international expansion and operational improvements. Over the past few years, the firm sold many non-core businesses, which has brought a fundamental change in the technology function. The new plan means that Whitbreads IT is more focused on making the firm competitive than it was five years ago, when the main concern was cost and managing complexity. Few roles have also changed, taking on responsibility for IT and international business. IT is crucial to Whitbreads hotel business, through applications such as room inventory, as well as revenue management and self-service kiosks. Whitbreads IT programme, dubbed Simply Better, aims to make applications and infrastructure simpler to use and cheaper to operate, so the firm uses mainly off-the-shelf software apart from in areas such as the web. Driving the adoption of tech investment is probably the hardest part of the job. Their aim is to achieve simpler use and have people understand the purpose of the innovation -Â ­ for the guest, profitability and guest experience [Computing, Dec 2010] Future Organizational strategy Whitbreads aim is to build the best large-scale hospitality brands in the world by becoming the most customer focused organisation there is. Anywhere. Theyll do this by providing outstanding value and making everyday experiences feel special so that their customers come back time and time again. Whitbread should have high standards of corporate governance to have good relations with share holders. Target employee turnover and stability in order to gain competitive edge over its rival companies They should have commitment to food safety Good partnership with suppliers Respecting the law and treating workforce fairly Healthier life styles and eating as well Better environment and energy saving First class service to customers Committed and genuine service Task 4 Strategy Plan to ensure Stakeholders Participation In the past years, Whitbread has carried out a detailed evaluation of its corporate responsibility strategy in order to attain the maximum engagement from its stakeholders. The stakeholders have a high level of awareness and concern for environmental issues with most of them are making lifestyle changes as a result of their concerns. For the stakeholders, the primary drivers of choice are still quality, service, and value for money and convenience. However, these are closely followed by corporate responsibility drivers, such as healthy eating and the environment. The stakeholders think that it is important to care about the environment and the majority agreed that Whitbreads environmental performance mattered to them. Following are the issues that are important to these stakeholders and appropriate to Whitbread, namely: Energy efficiency; Recycling; Water management; Takeaway packaging; and Sustainable buildings. The views from their stakeholders should be used to develop their new corporate responsibility strategy. The key focus areas of the new strategy should be as below: People Culture and Values; Environment; Community Charity; Governance, International Standards; Supply Chain; Health Well Being; and Guest Perceptions and brand. Criteria for reviewing potential options Whitbread has been reviewing its corporate responsibility strategy and found that stakeholders e.g. customers, employees and all other interested want that despite being adding new things for the stakeholders we still need to review our strategy in order to give the best. Whitbread should involve and hire some external sources that could do some survey with their customers, team members, directors and board members. The Whitbread should also go for a comprehensive peer and market analysis to understand the consumer and macro trends relating to the sustainability that would be relevant for their business and their customers. The potential options for reviewing strategy plan should be as below: Environmental changes Greener choices Social values Guest engagement Healthier food Agreed Strategy The agreed strategy of the Whitbread should have the following key points that include resource implications: Environment: The Whitbread should continuously work together to improve its environmental foot print and promote good environmental practices. People: Whitbread should at all times respect fundamental human rights of all people. Whitbread would create employment opportunity, facilitate learning and development opportunities for its employees and engage employees in the agree strategy and the Whitbread Way Forward Sourcing: Whitbread will source its goods and services and do business with other organisations in a way that supports sustainable development. It will engage its suppliers and business partners in the agreed strategy. Brand: When dealing with consumers, Whitbread will act in accordance with honest business, marketing and advertising practices and take all reasonable steps to ensure the safety and quality of the goods or services it provides. Whitbread will engage its customers in the new strategy and sustainable business issues Health: Whitbread will enable its customers to make informed choices about how they eat and drink Community: Whitbread will work to be a positive part of the communities in which it operates. Whitbread will also energetically support its chosen charities Task 5 Core Organizational values The core values of Whitbread are: Genuine really caring about customers Confident striving to be the best at what we do Committed working hard for each other Social values Whitbread has been actively involved in the community for over 30 years. Through this time weve initiated, joined, funded or supported a huge range of leading and award winning programs. Whitbreads current community program focuses on delivering initiatives that engage our team members and impact the communities in which they live and work. By investing in our people we can unlock the potential of thousands of team members and encourage them to make a real difference in their local communities Business Values Their aim is to build the best large-scale hospitality brands in the world by becoming the most customer focused organisation there is. Anywhere. They plan to do this by providing outstanding value and making everyday experiences feel special so that their customers come back time and time again Ethical Values Whitbread is very much aware of the importance of the rights of its employees and its responsibilities for good citizenship and high ethical conduct. Accordingly, they aim to ensure that all of its employees are treated fairly and with dignity throughout employment. They similarly expect their suppliers, wherever they are located, to respect and support these principles. If at any time an issue arises that their employees believe may go against these principles, they would raise it initially with their line manager and then if the matter cannot be resolved, raise a formal grievance under the Companys internal procedures Environmental Values Their approach to the environment is guided by their Environment policy and their Energy policy, which contain a number of principles with which all Whitbread businesses are required to comply Vision and Mission Statements of Whitbread Vision Statement To become the leading independent 4* hotel in London providing excellent products and services at reasonable prices to every customer, every time Mission Statement Our customers are our priority and we will provide them with a quality experience which is second to none. We recognize the importance of our employees in achieving this and we will create a positive working environment which encourages their loyalty, commitment and hard work. We strive to be excellent leaders and will undertake all our business activities in an honest and ethical manner to provide a fair return on our investment Future Management Strategy Whitbread aims to be a leader in sustainable hospitality in UK market sector. To realise this vision, it has developed its Good Together Commitments that define its overall approach to corporate responsibility and provides with a vision for the Good Together programme. Operational responsibility for driving forward the Good Together elements is allocated at Operational Director level with in the Business Units within the relevant functions, including commercial, property, HR, marketing, food and beverage and operations. Cross-functional and cross-Business Unit Working groups are set up as needed to project manage and implement the programs and to make sure that there is appropriate coordination and shared insight between different parts of the business in cross-cutting issues and projects. It is the role of the Corporate Responsibility Director to coordinate activity across the business, support the CR Steering Committee in its purpose and to provide technical expertise and support to the working groups and project leaders. All their Good Together Steering Committee Members have set personal objectives related to the delivery of Good Together. In 2010/11 all their operational Directors (the top 40 leaders in the business) and Heads of Department will also be required to set personal objectives relating to delivery of Good Together as part of their development plan. Measures to Evaluate Strategy Plan There could be many different measures that can be sued to evaluate the strategy plan but few important ones of them are mentioned as below: Market Performance of the organization Costs involved Profits generated Brand Standards Health and Safety Team turnover Customer recommendation Energy Saving Sales growth Team engagement Keeping all this in mind, the Whitbread uses a balance card approach named as WINcard to measure their performance across all key performance indicators. The WINcard measures their performance around their key stakeholders: the customers, the people, the shareholders and a more recent stakeholder addition, the community which is better known as their Good Together strategy. The WINcard aligns the day-to-day activities to the overall vision and strategy of the Company and helps to measure the progress. The WINcard has enabled a performance culture to thrive across all levels of the organization and mobilizes their people to act around shared goals. The WINcard measures are used as key indicators in personal development planning, for recognizing excellent performance, in coaching and performance management, supporting talent management and succession planning. It is a core component of their incentive framework at all levels. The WINcard educates, motivates and engages their leaders and teams across the business to focus, prioritize and deliver what is required to achieve success [Whitbread, Dec 2010] Task 6 Schedule for implementing strategy plan Strategic planning implementation is at the heart of how to make change of any kind happen in your organization. Keys to Strategic Planning Implementation Success These are the keys to effective strategic planning implementation for your business. Full and active executive support, Effective communication, Employee involvement, Thorough organizational planning and competitive analysis, and Widespread perceived need for the strategic planning. Time table for implementation The strategy that is being agreed upon is achievable but not in short span of time. Proper planning has to be done for this and a scheduled has to be prepared. Phase 1 Value enhancement Cost Reduction Operational Effectiveness July 2011 Phase 2 Growth opportunities Customer satisfaction Value added services Dec 2011 Phase 3 End to End Services Execute in emerging markets Strengthen the capital Dec 2012 Dissemination processes Activities designed to ensure that the results of the organization and its predecessors are appropriately recognised, demonstrated and implemented on a wide scale. Dissemination is also often described as a process that involves a share of results and experiences with the aim of influencing the way other people think and act, or of making them aware of a new idea, product or service. Following are some key points that should be achieved: Raise awareness in the intended target group Generate understanding and obtain the support of others in disseminating information Involve others outside your own organisation Bring about a change in attitudes and ways of thinking Bring about a change in attitudes towards customers visitors, suppliers or team members. New patterns of conduct in the target group the end users of the strategy To gain the commitment of stakeholders, the following processes need to be followed: Consider stakeholders First No matter how beneficial the change, it will take your stakeholders to implement it. Helping them understands the change and, further, gaining their support for the change will be the key. First, identify all key groups of people or individuals who will be impacted Stakeholders who feel they have helped plan the change will be more likely to help make the change because they understand how and why it will occur. Identify ways you can involve stakeholders in the implementation process. Ask them to share with the organization in full staff meeting or via a company intranet how they have successfully implemented the change. Show Upper-level Commitment Stakeholders will not support a change they feel is not fully supported by upper management. Instead, they will wait out the change, knowing that it will eventually go away to be replaced by the next change [suite101, Dec 2010] Monitoring and Evaluation systems The strategic plan document should specify who is responsible for the overall implementation of the plan, and also who is responsible for achieving each goal and objective. The following questions need to be asked while monitoring the implementation: 1. Are goals and objectives being achieved or not? If they are, then acknowledge, reward and communicate the progress. If not, then consider the following questions. 2. Will the goals be achieved according to the timelines specified in the plan? If not, then why? 3. Should the deadlines for completion be changed (be careful about making these changes know why efforts are behind schedule before times are changed)? 4. Do personnel have adequate resources (money, equipment, facilities, training, etc.) to achieve the goals? 5. Are the goals and objectives still realistic? 6. Should priorities be changed to put more focus on achieving the goals? 7. Should the goals be changed (be careful about making these changes know why efforts are not achieving the goals before changing the goals)? 8. What can be learned from our monitoring and evaluation in order to improve future planning activities and also to improve future monitoring and evaluation efforts? The frequency of reviews depends on the nature of the organization and the environment in which its operating. Organizations experiencing rapid change from inside and/or outside the organization may want to monitor implementation of the plan at least on a monthly basis. Boards of directors should see status of implementation at least on a quarterly basis. Chief executives should see status at least on a monthly basis [Management help, Dec 2010]